Characteristics and architectural components of Visual Information Systems

Visual information systems contain a substantial amount of non-alphanumeric information, and represent a radical departure from the largely text-based paradigm of conventional information systems. For the effective operation of an information system, data search and management mechanisms play a pivotal role, and a key requirement of such a system is the ability to search and locate information much more efficiently than a manual approach. However, for a visual information system where most data and relationships are non-alphanumeric, locating the correct information poses a new challenge. In particular, the database characteristics and storage structures required to support a visual information system are substantially different from those for a conventional information system. Here, the principal functions and components of a database management system for the effective management of visual information are presented.

Visual illusions occur around us all the time, which present in nature and appear when you least expect it. It is well known that visual illusions can have a dramatic effect upon our visual perception of an object 's size and position. However, whether visual illusions have a similar influence on visual guided action or not, it remains the subject of much debate. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the visual information used to identify and categorize an object would be similar to the visual information used to plan and control visually guided movements directed toward that object. The outcome of this study will be helpful for designers to understand our visual information system and apply that knowledge to the design practice. In order to achieve the purpose of this study mentioned above, three visual illusions as the experiment's apparatus are applied to examine the relative effect of visual illusions on both the visual perceived center of an object and the position of a grasp on that object when a balanced lift is required. The results of the experiment show that (1) Illusions influence both the perceived and the grasped estimates of the center position, but the grasp center is more veridical; (2) Judd-illusion, one of the three visual illusions, has a bigger degree of effect than two other illusions on both the perceived and the grasped estimates of the center position; (3) By providing the participants with a mean to guide their visual perception of these illusions, the errors from the estimation of the center position can be significantly reduced.

It is proposed the visual information structures formation model for the visual information systems processing. Unlike the known models this model simultaneously takes into account the transformation of geospatial coordinates into coordinates of the visual information structure and the transformation of brightness. Also provides the ability to correctly process and analyze the visual information structures in the visual information systems.

The development of technology and information through the internet is currently very rapid. Delivering fast, accurate, and relevant information has become a basic need for companies. Technological advances encourage companies to develop solutions to facilitate the delivery of required information. With this Visual Basic-based civil case processing information system, it is hoped that it will facilitate data processing and provide information on processing civil case data at the Balige District Court. In this system, the author designed a civil case data processing system using Visual Basic. XAMPP, MySQL, and Navicat Premium Enterprise serve as database creation tools. The development components mentioned above are expected to simplify the civil case data processing process at the Balige District Court. If the process runs smoothly, the information system will meet expectations.

Introduction The OSH Barometer is a visual information system on status and trends of OSH in the EU. The system contains data from governmental sources, statistical authorities, European surveys and research. The included indicators are updated on a regular basis, while apart from data referring to previous years, a number of forecasted indicators referring to the year 2035 are included. Methods The tool has four sections: “Generic information”, “Steering of OSH”, “OSH outcomes and working conditions”, and “OSH infrastructure and monitoring capacity”. These four sections contain indicators such as: • OSH authorities • Economic and sector profile • Workforce profile • National strategies • Regulation • Social dialogue and Worker involvement • Work accidents • Work related diseases • Health perception of workers • Working conditions and prevention • Enforcement capacity Results In total, more than 90 single datasets (sub-indicators) are included. Every data set covers all EU Member States and provides EU27 average values as well. Discussion The OSH Barometer offers filtering and adaptation to the information needs of the users. It also allows comparison between Member States and the EU-average. The tool went live in 2020 but is regularly updated with the addition of new features and indicators. Included data are used for the development of analytical reports, with explanatory and analytical descriptions of status, trends that reach back between 10 and 25 years, and forecasts. Conclusion This exercise can provide knowledge and insights for safer and healthier work, in an ever-changing world of work, to wider audiences.

Although conventionally designed information systems provide information via a computerised display, in everyday life, our actions are informed by information obtained from a variety of places in a variety of ways. Drawing on conventional information systems (IS), human–computer interaction (HCI), ecological psychology and sociology and building on existing work on situated information systems, this article explores the idea of obtaining information from the environment to accomplish workplace activity in a routine way. A typology of conceptually distinct sources of information is presented and this has implications for what we understand information systems to be. Just as Hutchins (1995) refers to his conception of cognition as ‘cognition in the wild’, so we can conceive of situated information systems ‘in the wild’ rather than confined to computational space. The argument with respect to information systems analysis and design is that abstract representations should not be the only option considered. Using the information source that is most appropriate given the particular context of the actor and the environment will better support the accomplishment of collective routines, increasing efficiency and effectiveness.

In the recent years, and also considering the rapid development of the urbanization, China has set up the higher requirements for modern urban planning concepts, methods, and means. Under the support of advanced technologies, it has become an inevitable trend to then make the full use of information technology to improve the design and management of city planning. Geographic information system (GIS) is a specific extremely essential spatial information system. It is a complex platform that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays, and describes geographical distribution data in all or part of the Earth's surface (including the atmosphere) space with the proper integration of the information processing and computer vision algorithms. In this paper, we apply the GIS and multimedia information systems to study the evaluation of local urbanization in Zhejiang. The multimedia system is designed to assist the GIS and the visualized model is presented to validate the proposed method. The results prove that the proposed is efficient.

Introduction Modern software practices call for the active involvement of business people in the software process (Shaw, 2000). Apart from the crucial role of end users in eliciting precise user requirements, business people are intimately involved in all stages of software development (Jacobson, 1999). At present, software is commonly adapted, composed from reusable components and frameworks, and even created by business people rather than information systems (IS) developers (Shaw, 2000). Therefore, programming has become an indispensable part of the IS component of the core curriculum at business schools. The traditional curriculum design offers four IS courses in the following succession: (1) Using databases; (2) Systems analysis and design; (3) E-Business applications development; and (4) Management support systems. At our school, E-Business applications development (a.k.a. Client-server, Web-based programming, Ecommerce) is the only programming course mandatory for all business students. E-Business applications development is the basic hands-on-experience course, where students develop Web-based e-commerce applications. A major constituent of the course is programming in JavaScript. Introduction to programming in JavaScript is the topic of this research work. The underlying assumption of this work is that adopting a model-based approach to teaching programming will enhance the students' ability to think and reason formally about programs, develop software rigorously, and program better. Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive skills is widely recognized as a basis for classifying skills in education and ordering material (Bloom, 1956). Bloom's taxonomy divides cognitive skills into six levels where factual knowledge, theory comprehension and theory application come before analysis, synthesis and finally evaluation. In our approach we strictly adhere to Bloom's hierarchy of cognitive skills. We start with simple, yet precise, facts about (formal model of) the notion of computation. Then, we gradually enrich the basic model with data types and computational objects, thus generalizing the facts into a consistent theory. Next, we repeatedly ask learners to apply the concepts (theory) introduced to predict initially the behavior of snippets of code and later of middle-size programs. After students have acquired the skills to predict the behavior of programs of any size, we proceed with program analysis and synthesis, or what is commonly referred to as programming. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Section 2 attends to the presentation of the model-based approach used in teaching programming. Next, Section 3 discusses preliminary results about the advantages of adopting such an approach. The final section summarizes the experience gained and concludes. Teaching Programming: Model-Based Approach The novelty of our approach lies in teaching the lower-order cognitive skills. We use models to introduce the basic programming constructs. To introduce the notion of state and thus help students appreciate the environment model of evaluation, we begin by modeling with labeled transition systems, a subset of statecharts (Harel, 1987; Booch, 1999). Our experience confirmed the findings of Davis (1988) that the introduction of this model takes an hour on average. Students are given classical examples from the theory of labeled transition systems, such as, vending machines, flying robots, and multi-user games. The exercises are a prelude to program state and objects with interesting statecharts. Building large software-intensive systems requires a methodology that would allow structuring the systems into modular components that could be independently developed and maintained. To avoid a semantic gap between the domain of interest and the designed system, we base the structure of the latter on the structure of the physical system that is represented in the computing system (Abelson & Sussman, 1996). …

Multimedia is integral to both human and modern computer communications. As digital sound and imagery proliferate, the need to search for audio and visual information has increased. However, most popular search engines are still textual as described in Chapter 1, even though the diversity of Web content has transformed the Web from a merely textual to a multimedia-based repository. Web information content comes in a variety of audio, video, image, and text formats, a list of the most commonly found media formats and types being given in Table 4.1. The multimedia information is highly distributed, minimally indexed, and lacks appropriate schemas. The critical question in multimedia search is how to design a scalable, visual information retrieval system? Such audio and visual information systems require large resources for transmission, storage and processing, factors which make indexing, retrieving, and managing visual information an immense challenge.KeywordsMultimedia ContentColor HistogramInverted FilePopular Search EngineMultimedia SearchThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

NASA's Visualization, Exploration, and Data Analysis (VEDA) project is an open-source science cyberinfrastructure for data processing, visualization, exploration, and geographic information systems (GIS) capabilities (https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/esds/veda). VEDA was an ambitious platform and one that was only made possible in the past year by building upon existing NASA projects. The extensive technology community at NASA continues to come together to design, build and use VEDA’s interoperable APIs and datasets.This presentation will demo the current capabilities of VEDA and discuss how these capabilities were designed and architected with the central goals of science delivery, reproducible science, and interoperability to support re-use of data and APIs across NASA’s Earth Science ecosystem of tools. The presentation will close with VEDA’s future plans. In 2023, VEDA will support NASA’s Transform to Open Science (TOPS) program and open-source science initiatives through data, APIs and analytics platforms. In 2023 and beyond, VEDA will advance the state of the art in cloud-based Earth science as well as strengthening the ties of technology within NASA.The projects behind VEDA’s current features are:The Multi-Mission Algorithm and Analysis Platform (https://maap-project.org/, presented at EGU 2019): Recognizing the numerous advantages of open, reproducible science, NASA and ESA are working together to create the Joint ESA-NASA MAAP. The MAAP brings together relevant data and algorithms in a common virtual environment in order to support the global aboveground terrestrial carbon dynamics research community.  The COVID-19 Earth Observation Dashboard (https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/covid19/): Following the interest in this dashboard, NASA invested in the design and development of a new dashboard infrastructure. This infrastructure is highly configurable to support easily adding new datasets and discoveries. UI and config layers are built upon the VEDA STAC catalog and Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs. The Earthdata Information Systems (EIS) pilots (https://eis.smce.nasa.gov/): Scientists at NASA worked together on open science tools to develop new research projects using Earth Observation data across the domains of fire, freshwater, greenhouse gasses, and sea level rise. ArcGIS Enterprise in the Cloud (gis.earthdata.nasa.gov) provides GIS capabilities. The projects listed above have all made VEDA a reality in a year. The scientists from EIS are using the new dashboard infrastructure to tell their stories and the analytics backend from MAAP to scale their science.In 2023, VEDA plans many initiatives in the work to extend its reach within and beyond NASA. There are many advanced technologies at NASA and we see an opportunity for VEDA to support closing the information gaps across groups. For example, VEDA will support driving standards for using, publishing and visualizing NASA’s Earthdata Zarr archives and also deliver interoperable APIs for its data stores to support dynamic data visualization and storytelling.VEDA will also extend its reach beyond NASA by providing a JupyterHub for any user to explore the data behind NASA Earth Science, specifically the discoveries presented in the Earthdata Dashboard.

This thesis presents a new modelling method for information systems analysis and design, where the concept of service and the principles of service orientation are used for integrated modelling and reasoning about information systems architectures across organisational and technical systems boundaries. The concept of service enables cohesion of the intersubjective and objective modelling traditions by using a single type of diagram that facilitates detection of semantic inconsistency, incompleteness, ambiguity and discontinuity between the static and dynamic aspects of information systems specifications. The thesis is focused on three research topics, which are fundamental to the development of a new service-oriented modelling method. The first research topic concerns a pragmatic-driven specification of information systems. It clarifies answers to the research question: How can a conceptual modelling process be driven by pragmatic considerations? The second research topic provides a service-oriented modelling foundation for information systems analysis and design. It answers the research questions: How can the concept of service be used explicitly for the analysis and design of information systems and how can the static and dynamic aspects of information systems specifications be integrated at the conceptual level? The third research topic presents transition principles to implementation-specific design and answers the research question: How can service-oriented conceptual representations be aligned with implementation-specific design? The thesis contributes with a new knowledge to the area of conceptual modelling of information systems. The service-oriented modelling method consists of the modelling process, modelling language and techniques for the analysis and design of information systems on three levels of abstraction: pragmatic, semantic and syntactic. These three levels are necessary for a holistic understanding of enterprise architecture by stakeholders. The advantage of the service-oriented modelling method is that it can help to control traceability from information system design to original requirements. The method facilitates the semantic integration of the structural, behavioural and interactive aspects of information systems conceptual representations by using a single diagram type. The modelling language provides service-oriented constructs that are fundamental to building the major systems analysis patterns. The service-oriented modelling process contributes with seven steps of incremental design, which justifies various information systems components. The method provides the basis for a gradual and systematic way of modelling and an understanding of how pragmatic, semantic and logical information system requirements are linked together. The possibility to detect and eliminate undesirable characteristics of service-oriented diagrams can help to improve communication among stakeholders. Service-oriented specifications are computation-neutral and therefore they are more comprehensible for business analysis experts in comparison to implementation specific graphical representations of information systems. Finally, this thesis presents the challenges for future research, one of which is the development of the automated tools for the alignment of business models with implementation-specific information systems specifications.

ScolioMedIS: Web-oriented information system for idiopathic scoliosis visualization and monitoring

The article shows the importance of solving various production problems using processing, analysis and display of visual information. The existing systems for processing visual information are considered and the insufficiently developed use of automated image processing systems in production systems that solve rather complex and “intelligent” problems of image analysis is noted. The prospects of using digital modeling of object images are shown. The article provides a literary review of works on the development of methods and models for effective processing of visual control information, which showed that there are many unresolved issues. This work is aimed at solving some of them. The relevance of the topic and the objectives of the research are determined. Based on the results of the studies performed, a model of the visual information processing system was developed. From the object under study, a video stream arrives at the input of the model of the visual information processing system, which is first selected as a sequence of frames (frames) of a fixed dimension. Then there is a preliminary processing of the information received from the object, its segmentation, extraction of features and decision making. Here, the traditional number of homogeneous segments can be applied, into which the object is divided using the principle of maximum posterior probability. The result obtained is then used in the adaptation block. The proposed model of the visual information processing system was implemented in the Qt Creator environment in C ++.

Eight years' experience of clinical activity in an outpatient fracture clinic

There is a common assumption among individuals that the complexity involved in developing novel systems utilizing Web technologies implies that Information Systems (IS) that are Web-based must possess fundamental and significant distinctions from conventional IS. This study raises skepticism regarding the veracity of this claim. The literature pertaining to academic research, manuals, and sales material frequently espouses optimistic claims regarding the capabilities of e-commerce and e-business technologies and applications, often grounded in the assumption of novelty associated with the Internet. The objective of the research is to establish a systematic classification system for information systems theory based on its efficacy in addressing four fundamental objectives: analysis, explanation, prescription, and prediction. This study utilized both experimental and descriptive qualitative methodologies. Subsequent to the analysis phase in the system development cycle of information technology, the design phase ensues. The results indicate that the evolution of an information technology system can be delineated by its phases of requirement specification, design planning, and execution. The manifestation of this phenomenon is observed through the development of a strategic blueprint, the production of a visual representation or draft, or the organization of multiple components into a functional entirety. In conclusion, it is imperative for information systems to give priority to both the user and the integration of the system.