The Development of a Design Theory for Web Based Information Systems

Although conventionally designed information systems provide information via a computerised display, in everyday life, our actions are informed by information obtained from a variety of places in a variety of ways. Drawing on conventional information systems (IS), human–computer interaction (HCI), ecological psychology and sociology and building on existing work on situated information systems, this article explores the idea of obtaining information from the environment to accomplish workplace activity in a routine way. A typology of conceptually distinct sources of information is presented and this has implications for what we understand information systems to be. Just as Hutchins (1995) refers to his conception of cognition as ‘cognition in the wild’, so we can conceive of situated information systems ‘in the wild’ rather than confined to computational space. The argument with respect to information systems analysis and design is that abstract representations should not be the only option considered. Using the information source that is most appropriate given the particular context of the actor and the environment will better support the accomplishment of collective routines, increasing efficiency and effectiveness.

A Visual Information System represents a radical departure from the rigid text-in/text out paradigm of conventional Information Systems. It significantly enlarges the applications scope of information systems and typically sits on top of a general purpose multimedia operating system supported by multimedia hardware and a high bandwidth network. Unlike a conventional Information System, the types of storage and I/O devices required to support a Visual Information System generally include a much greater variety of facilities for efficient visual information presentation and visualisation. Apart from providing multi-mode delivery, the effective correlation between information of the same media type and information belonging to different media types forms an integral part of such systems. The essential building blocks of a Visual Information System are described, and the management of different types of information contents are discussed.KeywordsDatabase Management SystemQuery ModelVisual QueryVideo Object PlaneCriminal ProfileThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Visual information systems contain a substantial amount of non-alphanumeric information, and represent a radical departure from the largely text-based paradigm of conventional information systems. For the effective operation of an information system, data search and management mechanisms play a pivotal role, and a key requirement of such a system is the ability to search and locate information much more efficiently than a manual approach. However, for a visual information system where most data and relationships are non-alphanumeric, locating the correct information poses a new challenge. In particular, the database characteristics and storage structures required to support a visual information system are substantially different from those for a conventional information system. Here, the principal functions and components of a database management system for the effective management of visual information are presented.

Eight years' experience of clinical activity in an outpatient fracture clinic

The advent of the IT‐led era and the increased competition have forced companies to react to the new changes in order to remain competitive. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems offer distinct advantages in this new business environment as they lower operating costs, reduce cycle times and (arguably) increase customer satisfaction. This study examines, via an exploratory survey of 26 companies, the underlying reasons why companies choose to convert from conventional information systems (IS) to ERP systems and the changes brought in, particularly in the accounting process. The aim is not only to understand the changes and the benefits involved in adopting ERP systems compared with conventional IS, but also to establish the best way forward in future ERP applications. The empirical evidence confirms a number of changes in the accounting process introduced with the adoption of ERP systems.

This research is about regional development efforts through governance with electronic-based information systems in Papua Province, namely Papua One Data Integration (PAITUA), Papua Spatial Management Information System (SIMTARU), Information System for Official Travel Orders (SPPD) Papua Provincial Government and Presence Information System and TPP. Papua Innovation One Data Integration (PAITUA) is a systematic and structured regional governance policy to produce data that is accurate, up-to-date, integrated, accountable, easy to access, can be shared between regional apparatuses, central agencies and other agencies through compliance with data standards , metadata, data interoperability and use of reference code and master data. Papua Spatial Management Information System Innovation (SIMTARU) is an open source application that is part of the Spatial-Based Information Management System (SMIS). The combination of modern cartographic technology with participatory methods in the form of data layers and permits or maps in several categories is used to monitor all activities related to spatial planning in Papua Province. Innovation of Information System for Service Travel Orders (SPPD) for the Government of Papua Province is a web-based information system that is equipped with a set of computers that can be accessed into a data communication network where the server is located at the Papua Communication and Informatics Office and can be accessed online.This study uses a qualitative approach research method. As for data collection with literature review techniques. Literature review or literature review is a systematic examination of critical scientific literature in analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing research findings, theory, and practice.Literature reviewprovide an overview of the development of a particular topic.The result of the Papua One Data Integration (PAITUA) innovation is that data and information are available that are complete, accurate, up-to-date, integrated, accountable and easily accessible and shared between Regional Work Units and Central Agencies as a basis for planning, implementing, evaluating and controlling development area. The innovation of the Papua Spatial Management Information System (SIMTARU) is the availability of a Web-GIS-based spatial information system that provides information data and produces a decision support system in implementing spatial planning. The result of the innovation of the Official Travel Order Information System (SPPD) for the Provincial Government of Papua is the availability of a Web-based Electronic Business Travel Order Information System (e-SPPD) which is equipped with a set of computers that can be accessed into a data communication network with servers at the Papua Kominfo Service and can be accessed by online. The result of the innovation of the Presence Information System and TPP is that digital attendance is available which is connected to the Additional Employee Income (TPP) application. The aim is to make TPP payments more focused and refer to employee attendance and apply discipline to entering and leaving the office on time for the state civil apparatus (ASN). The result of the innovation of the Presence Information System and TPP is that digital attendance is available which is connected to the Additional Employee Income (TPP) application. The aim is to make TPP payments more focused and refer to employee attendance and apply discipline to entering and leaving the office on time for the state civil apparatus (ASN). The result of the innovation of the Presence Information System and TPP is that digital attendance is available which is connected to the Additional Employee Income (TPP) application. The aim is to make TPP payments more focused and refer to employee attendance and apply discipline to entering and leaving the office on time for the state civil apparatus (ASN).

Supply chain management information systems (SCM IS) have become vital tools for synchronizing information among the customers and suppliers of a supply chain. However, recent advances in inter-enterprise systems and e-business technologies have led to a confusing variety of SCM IS alternatives, each with varying capabilities used to determine the levels of support an SCM IS should provide to enable operational efficiency, flexibility, and planning and analysis capabilities.

We consider the evolution of information systems towards sophisticated knowledge systems. Investigating the key concepts for information and knowledge systems from a logical point of view, we show that the two most fundamental operations are inference (query answering) and update (‘data manipulation’). They have to be available in every system. Advanced information systems may allow for negative, disjunctive and uncertain information. Even more advanced systems (which might be no longer called information but knowledge systems) will allow for sophisticated reasoning services, such as deductive query answering, active input processing, representing actions, generating explanations, diagnoses and plans.

Guide to methodology understanding in information systems practice

Realizing that the Internet has changed the way business is conducted, many business schools have designed, or are in the process of designing, electronic commerce (e-commerce) courses, course sequences, or an entire e-commerce curriculum. More often than not this coursework includes topical coverage of web technologies. In the highly volatile e-commerce marketplace, identifying the core electronic business (e-business) technology for inclusion into the technical curricular component can be a real challenge. To assist Information Technology (IT) educators with e-commerce program design, this research examines the importance, content, and extent of the technology component of e-commerce coursework from the Information Systems (IS) professional's perspective. This research presents a brief overview of e-commerce technology and utilizes a survey, based on this overview to garner insights from IS professionals at leading e-commerce firms. The opinions of IS professionals from the Interactive 500 are examined and summarized. Implications for the technology component of e-commerce education are presented, as well as directions for future research.

The rapid evolution of health information systems (Health IS) research has led to many significantcontributions. However, while the Health IS subset of information systems (IS) scholarship hasconsiderably grown over the past two decades, this growth hasled to questions regarding the currentintellectual structure of this area of inquiry. In an effort to more fully understand how Health ISresearchhas contributed to the IS discipline, and what this may mean for future Health IS researchin the IS domain, we conduct an in-depth evaluation of Health IS research published in mainstreamIS journals. We apply citation analysis, latent semantic analysis (LSA), and social network analysis(SNA) to ourdata setof Health IS articles in order to: (1) identify Health IS research themes andthematic shifts, (2)determine which Health IS research themes are cohesive (versus disparate), (3)identify which Health IS research themes are central (versus peripheral), (4) clarify networks ofresearchers (i.e., thought leaders) contributing to these research themes, and(5) provide insights intothe connection of Health ISresearchto its reference disciplines. Overall, we contribute a systematicdescription and explanation of the intellectual structure ofHealth ISresearchand highlight how theexisting intellectual structure of Health ISresearchprovides opportunities for future research.

This paper presents a model curriculum for students studying organizational and end-user information systems (OEIS). Developed by the Organizational Systems Research Association (OSRA), the curriculum contains seven required and six elective courses which are based on a foundation of general education and core business courses. Core courses include an introduction to OEIS; computer user support; planning, design, implementation, and evaluation; technical training and delivery methods; telecommunications and networking; cases in information technology; and an internship. The elective courses comprise eBusiness and web technologies, collaborative technologies and knowledge management, network administration, operating systems, information systems security, and special topics. College and university faculty members in a variety of disciplines are invited to consider this model when revising or expanding their information systems curricula.

The Tarrant Regional Water District (TRWD) and City of Dallas have partnered to explore the feasibility of an integrated raw water transmission system to meet future water needs in North Central Texas (TRWD and Dallas service areas). The Integrated Pipeline (IPL) project's ongoing planning and conceptual design phases involve multiple analyses such as operations, capital and life cycle costing, facility siting assessment, permitting and regulatory reviews, and hydraulic evaluation. With an ultimate goal of building a reliable and efficient transmission system, the final system configuration is continuing to evolve. The 134-mile long raw water transmission main pipeline ranges in diameter from 84-inch to 120-inch conveying water from the East Texas to West Texas regions with peak capacity projected at 347 million gallons per day (mgd). Pipe segments converging and diverging from the mainline constitute an additional 18 miles of transmission pipeline. The IPL will be integrated with 72-inch to 108-inch diameter existing transmission pipelines, which currently convey up to 247 mgd of water. A thorough hydraulic evaluation of several potential pipeline corridors was evaluated during the planning phase. Hydraulic evaluations developed and compared pipe sizing for peak flow conditions and capacity/power requirements for pumping stations. This information was fed into a basic decision matrix for various corridor options and combinations to narrow down to a preferred pipeline corridor. Several pumping configurations are being considered for the selected IPL corridor. The pumping facilities consist of three intake stations and two or three booster pump stations depending on the selection of the final system configuration. Various tunnel configurations are being analyzed in order to conserve pumping power and avoid high points and difficult construction areas along the pipeline corridor. The IPL will deliver water to various lakes and water treatment plants served by TRWD and Dallas.

BackgroundThis paper reports on a case study of the use of visualization of geospatial data that is distributed across data sets and requires integration over time and space to aid decision makers. Like many State Highway Agencies (SHAs) in the United States, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is organized along the traditional functional lines of planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operations. It has historically relied on experience and longevity of its staff to efficiently and effectively plan its construction and maintenance projects. Although functional boundaries of maintenance and construction are fairly clearly defined, there tends to be some overlap in projects that can be executed by either of the functional groups. The department currently does not have a robust integrated information system for identifying potential planning conflicts between its construction and maintenance projects. This has led to suboptimal use of resources, including overlapping plans for maintenance and mobility enhancement projects.Case descriptionWith over 650 highway projects assigned across two functional groups within the district’s (TxDOT Fort Worth district) boundary, it is a challenging task to assemble a coherent plan for managing these projects over a multi-year planning period that is subject to external stakeholder input as well as shifting funding constraints. Temporal and spatial data needed for integrated planning resides in specialized information systems developed for the needs of individual functional groups. To address this challenge, this district decided to integrate and visualize data from individual information systems in a Geographic Information System (GIS). A GIS-based tool was developed to integrate, visualize, and analyze projects data from multiple information systems.Discussion and evaluationThis paper documents the benefits associated with visualization and integration of projects data in a GIS to address planning challenges facing a typical highway agency. Among the lessons learned are the potential uses of GIS, which include detecting spatially and temporally overlapping projects, supporting integrated planning, and improving communication among functional groups within a state highway agency.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that such spatial-temporal representations of project data can lead to early identification of potential overlaps during the planning phase. In a broader context, such geospatial visualization efforts can also form the basis for eliciting practitioners’ perspectives and knowledge input in the development of spatial decision support systems.

This study explored the relationship between the information system (IS) capability with the alignment of IS strategy and social capital and the relationship between the alignment of IS strategy and social capital with business performance. Moreover, this study also aimed to investigate the mediating role of the alignment of IS strategy and social capital in the relationship between IS capability and business performance. A cross-sectional field study (i.e. questionnaire survey) was conducted on 179 national scale bank branches across Indonesia. Partial least square (PLS) is utilized to test all of the research hypotheses. The result of the study showed that there are significant relationships between IS capability with the alignment of IS strategy and social capital and significant relationships between the alignment of IS strategy and social capital with business performance. Besides, this study also proved that the alignment of IS strategy with social capital has a significant role in mediating the relationship between IS Capability and Business Performance. This study contributes to the theory development by analyzing the research gap from the previous researchers considering social capital as the strategic factor in the relationship between IS capability and business performance. The findings of this study can provide a reference for companies (i.e. board of directors) in determining investment and information system use policy.