Data Packet Forwarding Strategy Based on Vehicle Tracking in Named Data Networking

Transport plays a fundamental role in the economic development for big cities. Quito, the capital of Ecuador, presents serious mobility problems, with a significant amount of traffic both in the city center and in its main access roads. The detailed proposal in this article aims to link Quito with several new generation technologies such as Internet of Things (Iot), Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standard for heterogeneous sensor communication, and a system of real-time notifications using the communications protocol Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT). These technologies will be used for the development of an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that takes advantage of the massive deployment of smartphones in the society as main sources of information, including Arduino and Raspberry modules to check efficient communication. This ITS bases its operation on the paradigm of the Crowdsensing, which allows to reflect more accurately the reality of the object of study when more collaborators use the system; reaching up to 30% improvement in the situational consciousness of the environment variable, the traffic.

Vehicular Ad hoc Network(VANET), an infusive area for the development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), is going to be a significant communication pattern in our moving life. Data dissemination is an important part of VANETs. The demand of disseminate commercial advertisements in moving cars emerges. To satisfy the demand of shopping in car, we proposed a new data dissemination scheme in this paper. Our scheme aims at disseminating the shopping information cached in RSUs. We adopt the Information Centric Network (ICN) in forward mechanism and take both pull-based and push-based in to account. At the same time, our communication model combines V2V and V2I. In this way, our scheme improves the performance of traditional data dissemination and makes in-car shopping a reality. In addition, in order to avoid broadcast storm and the waste of resources, Distance Based Forwarding (DBF) is employed in broadcasting when vehicle desire a content unit. A computing method of XOR is also adopted in RSUs to avoid information redundancy. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing protocols in terms of the request success ratio, request-response delay, message overhead and collision rate.

Vehicular communication is regarded as a backbone for the development of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Recently vehicular communication has attracted researchers from both academia and industry all over the world, notably, in the United States of America, Japan and European Union. The rapid advances in wireless technologies provide opportunities to utilize them in vehicular communication in advanced road safety applications. The most important feature of vehicular communication is to improve the road traffic safety, efficiency, comfort and quality of everyday road travel. Networking in particular and communication in general are important rudiments in the development of ITS. Generally, in vehicular communication, the information exchange occurs among vehicles not only in an ad-hoc based vehicle-to-vehicle networking but also in a vehicle-to-infrastructure with possible intermediate infrastructure-to-infrastructure networking. Therefore, the infrastructure plays major role in order to realize the full potential of vehicular communications. This chapter provides an in-depth survey of the infrastructures and technologies that are recently proposed as part of future ITS developments as well as tested for vehicular communications in mobile environment. Specifically, we provide an in-depth analysis of wireless technology-applications such as ad-hoc networking and wireless local area network (WLAN), dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), cellular technology and NOTICE Architecture, and compare their characteristics in terms of their abilities to support vehicular communications for development of ITS.

With the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and 5G communication technology, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are playing an increasingly important role in enhancing road safety, improving traffic efficiency and providing online entertainment experience [1]. However, the information insecurity brought by the traditional centralized mode of VANETs is still a very challenging problem. To solve this problem, a 5G-enabled hierarchical network in VANETs is proposed through the research of blockchain and 5G technology. On this basis, a data sharing scheme based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm is proposed, which realizes data storage and transmission effectively with its characteristics of data immutability and decentralization. The ideal expected result is that the scheme realizes data storage effectively and the security of data transmission and ensures the reliable transmission of data with lower computing time.

Topicality. The scientific article is devoted to the research analysis of the peculiarities of legal regulation and the construction of the architecture of the intellectualization of transport systems. Transport communications unite companies around the world and are a necessary prerequisite for the integrity of the country and its integration into the world economy through foreign economic activity. In this regard, the transport system is directly related to the economy and the social sphere. The transport policy of any state is characterized by national priorities at the micro and macro levels. A competitive transport system must have the following characteristics: be economically, ecologically and socially sustainable; to be able to recover effectively after natural disasters; have a developed and reliable IT infrastructure.The use of information systems in traffic management is associated with the rapid development of modern cities, an increase in the number of rolling stocks on the streets, new routes and other features. As a result, the amount of information needed for analysis and making operational decisions has increased significantly. The information component will become an integral part of city life. And for more effective use of all the possibilities of intelligent transport systems (ITS), legal regulation is necessary, which includes data protection, standardization, rules for the application of ITS achievements and their further development.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the research is to study the legal foundations of the concept of transport and logistics systems sustainable development.Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the analysis of legislative and legal methods of ensuring transport and logistics flows, economic and legal analysis using the general legal framework and special legal acts that regulate the activity of transport and logistics systems. The problem of intellectualization of environmental protection activities is considered both through structural changes in the international economy, through modern processes of development of national transport and logistics systems, as well as through the study of the complex network structure of global logistics chains, where both approaches complement each other.Research results. The rapid development of modern cities, the increase of vehicles on the streets, the development of new routes increases the amount of information necessary for analysis and making operational decisions. This, in turn, stimulates the active use of intelligent information technologies. And the creation of legal incentives for the development of the intellectualization of the transport and logistics system is one of the factors of strengthening the economy and improving the welfare of the population.Conclusion. The conducted research made it possible to conduct an analysis of legal regulation and stimulation of the development of intelligent transport systems (ITS). In particular, at the international and regional levels. The main necessary elements of the comprehensive application of intelligent transport systems are standardization at the international level, in order to be able to create a global system for more efficient use of transport and achieving global goals in the safety of movement and reducing the impact of transport on the environment.

Named data networking (NDN) is one representation and implementation of information-centric networking (ICN) and is considered to be among the most promising designs for the next generation of network architecture. The introduction of NDN into vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and utilization of its content-centric characteristic to improve data transmission and distribution in VANETs has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, research on mobility support of NDN-based VANETs still faces many challenges. To solve the issue of data transmission path breaking due to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Consumer</i> mobility in NDN-based VANETs, this article proposes a novel vehicle tracking-based <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packet forwarding scheme (VTDF) to improve the successful delivery rate of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packets in mobile environments. In this approach, the urban road structure is divided into complex multi-junction and straight lane scenarios and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packets are forwarded according to vehicle movement information. Simulations indicated that this vehicle tracking scheme provides a lower average data transmission delay, shorter handover delay between roadside units, and higher data delivery rate for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Consumers</i> compared to the standard methods.

The global internet of vehicles market is growing rapidly, it is estimated to increase significantly its value by the next few years. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) has a central role in the development of Intelligent Transportation System, since vehicles can communicate with each other. This paper proposes a model integrating both 5G and Blockchain for vehicular ad-hoc network management. This choice is motivated by the need of guaranteeing secure and reliable information exchange between vehicles. 5G provides low latency communication improving both V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) connections increasing considerably their trustworthiness. On the other side, BlockChain offers a distributed ledger, enhancing security and data reliability. These technologies together with VANETs mechanism can provide multiple new opportunities and uses, such as automating braking system. In this work, not only we provide a complete overview of these technologies, but also we suggest a new research topic, based on the integration of such technologies with VANETs environment, to obtain a very robust network, and hence a safer traffic management.

The main problems in transportation are accidents, increasingly slow traffic flow, and pollution. An intelligent transportation system (ITS) using roadside infrastructure can overcome these problems. For this reason, the number of such systems is increasing dramatically, and therefore requires an adequate overview. To the best of our knowledge, no current systematic review of existing ITS solutions exists. To fill this knowledge gap, our paper provides an overview of existing ITS that use roadside infrastructure worldwide. Accordingly, this paper addresses current questions and challenges. For this purpose, we performed a literature review of documents that describe existing ITS solutions from 2009 until today. We categorized the results according to technology levels and analyzed its hardware system setup and value-added contributions. In doing so, we made the ITS solutions comparable and highlighted past development alongside current trends. We analyzed more than 400 papers, including 53 test bed projects. In summary, current ITSs can deliver accurate information about individuals in traffic situations in real-time. However, further research into ITS should focus on more reliable perception of the traffic using modern sensors, plug-and-play mechanisms, and secure real-time distribution of the digital twins in a decentralized manner. By addressing these topics, the development of intelligent transportation systems will be able to take a step towards its comprehensive roll-out.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been developed for more than 2 decades in China. Furthermore, a new generation Intelligent Transportation Systems should be launched to meet the requirement of improving road network capacity, improving traffic safety, ameliorating the road congestion, and reducing vehicle emission. This paper reviews the development of Intelligent Transport Systems in China including its development histories, investment mode and applications. Secondly, this paper introduces the current main research areas about ITS in China. Finally, the prospect of ITS is described, and the issues and challenges about ITS in China and its proposed solution schemes are also discussed. It was found that ITS has made significant progresses in the areas of research and applications. ITS in China has a promising future despite the rapid urbanization and motorization.

This paper investigates the issue of multi-hop forwarding in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), which is suffering from rapidly changing topology, short-lived and intermittent connectivity. Designed to replace TCP/IP using named data, Named Data Networking (NDN) has natural advantages to greatly overcome those challenges because of its multi-source and in-network caching characteristics. However, in the wireless environment the Interest and Data, proposed in NDN, are usually flooded because of the absence of Forwarding Information Base (FIB). To tackle this problem, we propose HVNDN, a hybrid forwarding strategy through NDN. More specifically, HVNDN introduces opportunistic and probabilistic forwarding strategy for location-dependent and location-independent information, respectively, which takes full advantage of geographic information and the characteristics of named data in VANETs. To make Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication more effective and reliable, we design elaborate Interest and Data packets formats, retransmission and acknowledgement mechanism in HVNDN. Simulation results from NS-3 demonstrate that the proposed forwarding strategy outperforms the state-of-art scheme with less end-to-end delay and overhead.

Aim. Threats of a non-physical nature have a significant effect on the security of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). They may have the form of unlawful interference in the development and implementation of ITS. The creation of a trusted framework for the development and implementation of ITS is examined as in the case of intelligent water transportation systems (IWTS). Problems. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, ITS, telecommunications and security of information processing are among the priority areas of scientific and technological development. ITS technologies, as well as those involved in the creation of trusted, secure system and application software are among the most important critical high technologies. The operation of ITS involves wide use of computerised systems that implement the latest information and telecommunication technologies, automated and automatic control technologies, artificial intelligence that can pose security threats. ITS are to be developed and operated in a trusted environment. Methods. The paper used the methodology for ensuring the security of IWTS, development of secure hardware and software platforms for secure automated systems, methods of system analysis, dependability theory, information protection, and law. Results. The paper defines the problem of creating a trusted framework for the development and implementation of IWTS, the applicable terminology is developed. The author examined the effect of IWTS on the security of critical information infrastructure (CII) and national security, developed a model of relationships between the IWTS security domains taking into account threats of physical and non-physical origin. Examples of computer incidents within IWTS that caused consequences at the national and international levels are given. The composition of the IWTS facilities attributed to CII is defined, critical processes implemented by standard CII facilities as part of the IWTS are set forth. The author lists conceptual problems of IWTS security, defines the principles of creating a trusted framework for the development and implementation of IWTS. Conclusion. Ensuring the security of IWTS against modern threats requires solving a number of problems associated with the creation of a trusted framework for the development and implementation of IWTS. For the purpose of improving the timeliness and quality of their solution, the paper proposes an intuitive terminology that reflects the subject area and helps finding a common understanding of the security domain by experts from various industries. IWTS facilities have an effect on CII security and national security in general. That is taken into account in the model of relationships between IWTS security domains, demonstrated using cases of computer incidents within IWTS that caused consequences at the national and international level. Given the above, the paper lists IWTS facilities attributed to CII and sets forth examples of critical processes implemented by standard CII facilities as part of the IWTS. The defined list of conceptual IWTS security problems take into account the growing landscape of IWTS security threats that includes insecure software, hardware and software platforms, software and hardware systems and emerging technologies. When developing the principles for the creation of a trusted IWTS development and implementation framework, the author took into account the best practice of implementing the methodology for creating national secure hardware and software platforms of CII facilities that enables the creation of secure automated systems for various applications that are based on domestically-developed solutions. The examined matters are of a systemic nature, which allows using the findings in the development and implementation of ITS in other modes of transportation.

With the rapid pace of urbanization and the growing complexity of traffic networks, the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) has become increasingly vital for improving traffic efficiency, safety, and management. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm, a real‐time object detection model known for its high computational efficiency and detection accuracy, has emerged as a prominent tool within ITS applications. This survey presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the application of the YOLO algorithm across various ITS domains, including traffic monitoring, vehicle and pedestrian detection, and traffic sign recognition. The paper first outlines the methodology employed for literature selection and categorization, followed by an overview of the YOLO algorithm’s evolution and core technical components. Subsequently, it explores the algorithm’s practical implementations within different ITS scenarios. The review concludes with a synthesis of key findings and proposes future research directions, highlighting emerging trends and potential challenges. This work is aimed at providing researchers and practitioners with a structured understanding of YOLO’s current applications in ITS and at fostering further innovation in this interdisciplinary field.

Boosting named data networking for data dissemination in urban VANET scenarios

Vehicular ad-hoc network VANET is an important technology for future development of intelligent transportation systems. Due to the highly-dynamic nature of vehicular nodes, network topology changes very frequently which complicate the routing of data packets. A number of routing protocols have been developed by various researchers. Hop count is a key parameter in evaluating the performance of a routing protocol. Number of hops required in directional routing protocols is more in comparison to other routing protocols. For a city vehicular traffic scenario we propose an improved direction-based location aided routing D-LAR protocol that we call distance and direction-based location aided routing DD-LAR protocol. A mathematical model for DD-LAR protocol has been developed to examine its performance on path duration and hop count metric. Simulations have been done in MATLAB and from the results, it can be seen that DD-LAR routing protocol shows significant performance improvement over D-LAR and LAR in terms of reducing the hop count and maximising the path duration.

With increasingly stringent environmental constraints and the rapid growth of urban logistics demand, electric vehicles (EVs) have become an important component of urban delivery systems due to their low-carbon, energy-efficient, and low-noise characteristics. However, limited driving range, charging requirements, and the uneven spatial distribution of charging infrastructure make the electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) significantly more complex than conventional vehicle routing problems, posing new challenges to logistics operations and traffic management. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on EV routing optimization, covering route planning, charging strategy coordination, mixed fleet operations, and charging infrastructure deployment. Meanwhile, the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has provided new technical support for EV routing optimization. By leveraging real-time traffic information, data sharing, and intelligent dispatching, ITS enhances the adaptability and responsiveness of routing decisions, thereby improving delivery efficiency and reducing energy consumption and emissions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EV routing optimization oriented to ITS, systematically summarizing key research issues and application scenarios. Future development trends related to technological integration, infrastructure planning, and system-level coordination are also discussed, providing insights for the development of efficient, low-carbon, and sustainable urban logistics and transportation systems.