Delay-Tolerant Forwarding Strategy for Named Data Networking in Vehicular Environment

In this thesis, Vehicular Named-Data Networking (VNDN) refers to the use of the Named-Data Networking communication model over Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. With the aim of addressing the problems caused by mobility to efficiently support VNDN communications in highly mobile traffic scenarios, various contributions were proposed in the scope of this thesis. These contributions include a routing protocol, able to address VNDN problems such as broadcast storms and message redundancy, as well as solutions to enable content advertisements and for addressing the problems caused by reverse path partitioning, network partitioning, and source mobility. Finally, all the proposed solutions are integrated into a single framework called MobiVNDN. The evaluation results show that the proposed solutions are efficient and scalable, providing high VNDN application performance even in complex traffic scenarios

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) has been one of the hot topics for the researchers, industries and academia for the past few decades. However, current IP based architecture is not able to cope up to the demands and researchers have looked out for ways to extend VANET architecture. Two possible collaborations which are strongly focused include Software Defined Networks (SDN) and a paradigm which is considered as part of future internet architecture Named Data Networks (NDN). The NDN architecture provides an edge because of the fundamental working principle, wherein the content is addressed rather than the host. Although, Vehicular Named Data Network (VNDN) is a relatively new field, the advantages it brings about has urged the researchers to explore it more. There are a few issues like content/data forwarding, routing strategies, naming schemes, channel constraints and adding security to the content without increasing overhead, creating gateways an standardization. The paper focuses on various content naming schemes employed in named data based vehicle networks.

This paper investigates the issue of multi-hop forwarding in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), which is suffering from rapidly changing topology, short-lived and intermittent connectivity. Designed to replace TCP/IP using named data, Named Data Networking (NDN) has natural advantages to greatly overcome those challenges because of its multi-source and in-network caching characteristics. However, in the wireless environment the Interest and Data, proposed in NDN, are usually flooded because of the absence of Forwarding Information Base (FIB). To tackle this problem, we propose HVNDN, a hybrid forwarding strategy through NDN. More specifically, HVNDN introduces opportunistic and probabilistic forwarding strategy for location-dependent and location-independent information, respectively, which takes full advantage of geographic information and the characteristics of named data in VANETs. To make Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication more effective and reliable, we design elaborate Interest and Data packets formats, retransmission and acknowledgement mechanism in HVNDN. Simulation results from NS-3 demonstrate that the proposed forwarding strategy outperforms the state-of-art scheme with less end-to-end delay and overhead.

Boosting named data networking for data dissemination in urban VANET scenarios

Software Defined Network (SDN) is getting popularity both from academic and industry. Lot of researches have been made to combine SDN with future Internet paradigms to manage and control networks efficiently. SDN provides better management and control in a network through decoupling of data and control plane. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a future Internet technique with aim to replace IPv4 addressing problems. In NDN, communication between different nodes done on the basis of content names rather than IP addresses. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subtype of MANET which is also considered as a hot area for future applications. Different vehicles communicate with each other to form a network known as VANET. Communication between VANET can be done in two ways (i) Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) (ii) Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I). Combination of SDN and NDN techniques in future Internet can solve lot of problems which were hard to answer by considering a single technique. Security in VANET is always challenging due to unstable topology of VANET. In this paper, we merge future Internet techniques and propose a new scheme to answer timing attack problem in VANETs named as Timing Attack Prevention (TAP) protocol. Proposed scheme is evaluated through simulations which shows the superiority of proposed protocol regarding detection and mitigation of attacker vehicles as compared to normal timing attack scenario in NDN based VANET.

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a future Internet architecture suitable for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), since it provides solutions to frequent topology changes in VANETs. In NDN messages are exchanged according to their content and not to the location of the hosts. SDN provides centralized network control. This paper presents use cases for vehicular NDN scenarios, where SDN is a suitable solution to solve arising problems in VANETs. In particular, SDN assists for setting up rules that are used by RSUs to dictate to the vehicles how to perform forwarding in the VANET. Moreover, SDN could optimize the allocation of network resources. Finally, we present a network communication approach between different geographical areas using wired communication between SDN controllers or wireless communication in vehicles that are used as data mules in these areas. The areas are defined based on the communication range of RSUs.

Named data networking (NDN) is one representation and implementation of information-centric networking (ICN) and is considered to be among the most promising designs for the next generation of network architecture. The introduction of NDN into vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and utilization of its content-centric characteristic to improve data transmission and distribution in VANETs has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, research on mobility support of NDN-based VANETs still faces many challenges. To solve the issue of data transmission path breaking due to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Consumer</i> mobility in NDN-based VANETs, this article proposes a novel vehicle tracking-based <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packet forwarding scheme (VTDF) to improve the successful delivery rate of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packets in mobile environments. In this approach, the urban road structure is divided into complex multi-junction and straight lane scenarios and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</i> packets are forwarded according to vehicle movement information. Simulations indicated that this vehicle tracking scheme provides a lower average data transmission delay, shorter handover delay between roadside units, and higher data delivery rate for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Consumers</i> compared to the standard methods.

Named Data Networking (NDN) proposes a contentcentric rather than a host-centric approach to data retrieval. Data packets with unique and immutable names are retrieved from a content store (CS) using Interest packets. The current NDN architecture relies on forwarding strategies that are dependent upon on-path caching and is therefore inefficient. This approach reduces data transfer efficiency by ignoring the cached content available on the adjacent off-path routers in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed multipath (D-MP) forwarding strategy and enhancements to the NDN Interest forwarding pipeline. Furthermore, we develop a centralized SDNenabled control for the multipath forwarding strategy (S-MP) that distributes Interests efficiently by using the global knowledge of the NDN network states. We perform extensive evaluations of our proposed methods on an at-scale WAN testbed spanning six geographically separated sites. Our solutions outperform the existing NDN forwarding strategies by a significant margin. We show that the D-MP strategy results in performance gains ranging between 10.4x to 12.5x over the default NDN implementation without in-network caching, and gains of 12.2x to 18.4x with in-network caching. In addition, for the S-MP case, we demonstrate a performance improvement of 10.6x to 12.6x, and 12.9x to 18.5x, for with- and without in-network caching respectively.

Vehicular ad hoc networks have highly dynamic topologies, making data exchange among mobile nodes challenging. Named data networking (NDN) has been applied to vehicular networks recently, and the results are promising, as NDN supports highly dynamic topologies better than traditional IP architectures. However, as of yet, vehicular named data networks (VNDNs) have no support for pushing critical data into the network, and the existing consumer pull mechanism introduces undesirable delay. Therefore, we propose a proactive data dissemination scheme for pushing critical content to one-hop neighbours in VNDN. Producers of critical content first send a beacon message containing metadata about tentative new chunks. Upon receiving the beacon message, neighbors make temporary pending interest table entries, allowing them to subsequently store new chunks once received. We evaluate the proposed scheme using ndnSIM and find it more efficient than pure consumer pull VNDN.

At this time forwarding strategy became the center of attention of researchers in area named data networking (NDN). This is because the forwarding strategy is responsible for managing every packet of interest received by the NDN router, then the characteristics of forwarding strategies will have a significant impact on NDN performance. Therefore this study aims to perform analysis using a large approach in forwarding strategy that is broadcast approach. It is expected that the results of this study can be utilized by researchers in the field of NDN to determine the direction of research. Parameter of study in this research is delay in observation time interval. A forwarding strategy using a broadcast approach is simulated in order to understand the NDN delay characteristics within the observation interval. The simulation of the research was conducted on the NDNSim simulator with several scenarios. From the simulation results obtained that cumulatively delay broadcast forwarding strategy in multi producer scenario there is no difference between fulldelay and lastdelay. However, in the single producer scenario there is a difference between fulldelay and lastdelay this can be influenced by the large number of consumers who send interest to the producer and also based on the flooding method of the interest package in order to find the nearest NDN router containing the expected content as soon as possible, So that it can overload the network performance and effects overhead.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the more reliable and flexible networking architecture. Due to its programmable nature, it is getting more popular in every research domain of Computing. Moreover, Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture is also more beneficial and emerging technology of Internet. NDN focuses on the content name instead of its location and replaces the usage of IP addresses. Lot of research has been made to integrate SDN and NDN due to their benefits of better management-ability, flexibility, less complexity, centralized control, decoupled control and data planes etc. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is also getting more popular due to huge advancement in Mobile communication devices. Combining SDN and NDN in MANET will resolve lots of problems (i.e. forwarding, mobility, management etc.) which are difficult to tackle with single architecture. Broadcast Storm is always a challenging issue in Ad Hoc networks like MANET. In this paper, we proposed a Controller based Selective Forwarding (CSF) scheme by merging SDN, NDN and MANET to overcome the Broadcast Storm Problem (BSP) and other issues caused by BSP. CSF is evaluated using different simulation parameters which shows superiority over the Native ND-MANET in reference to BSP.

The detection of secure vehicles for content placement in vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications makes a challenging situation for a well‐organized dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). With the increase in the demand of efficient and adoptable content delivery, information‐centric networking (ICN) can be a promising solution for the future needs of the network. ICN provides a direct retrieval of content through its unique name, which is independent of locations. It also performs better in content retrieval with its in‐network caching and named‐based routing capabilities. Since vehicles are mobile devices, it is very crucial to select a caching node, which is secure and reliable. The security of data is quite important in the vehicular named data networking (VNDN) environment due to its vital importance in saving the life of drivers and pedestrians. To overcome the issue of security and reduce network load in addition to detect a malicious activity, we define a blockchain‐based distributive trust model to achieve security, trust, and privacy of the communicating entities in VNDN, named secure vehicle communication caching (SVC‐caching) mechanism for the placement of on‐demand data. The proposed trust management mechanism is decentralized in nature, which is used to select a trustworthy node for cluster‐based V2V communications in the VNDN environment. The SVC‐caching strategy is simulated in the NS‐2 simulator. The results are evaluated based on one‐hop count, delivery ratio, cache hit ratio, and malicious node detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique improves the performance based on the selected parameters.

A vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) plays an important role in the development of intelligent transportation systems; named data networking (NDN) has been considered one of the promising paradigms for next-generation Internet owing to its content-centric attributes. Thus, NDN-based VANET is emerging as a technique used in intelligent transportation system (ITS). In this study, a vehicle-tracking-based data packet forwarding (VTDF) strategy is proposed to solve the data-packet-forwarding problem in a continuously changing network topology environment caused by the mobility of the vehicle. Simulation results show that VTDF outperforms other related strategies in terms of average delay, handover delay, and delivery ratio.

The proposed Internet paradigm The Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET), Named Data Network (NDN), and Software Defined Network (SDN) have attracted the interest of the scientific community. The TCP/IP protocol is the present Internet standard, while NDN is the future internet architecture that builds on it. Data availability is improved via NDN, which substitutes named data for the nodes' addresses. SDN is a good option for communicating effectively, utilizing resources effectively, and supporting developing technologies. The SDN has attracted interest because of its high-level programmability and flexibility. Numerous applications in the military, business, and civil sectors make extensive use of FANE T. The broadcast characteristic of NDN causes an issue known as a broadcast storm in dense FANET environments. The issue is caused by duplicate packets, which raises the overall amount of traffic and retransmissions. FANET has a problem with the timely and quick transmission of essential packets. In this paper, we suggested a new scheme named "Novel Adaptive Broadcast Storm Avoidance (NABA)" for SDN and NDN-enabled FANET, which uses a controller to lessen the broadcast issue. Our scheme made use of the SDN controller's effective flow management to regulate the broadcast storm and facilitate packet transfers. Additionally, we divided up the packet into categories based on priority. The priority of the packet is determined by the naming criterion. In terms of the overall number of Interests and content retrieval time, the findings show that NAB A performs better than native NDN floods.

A survey of routing and data dissemination in Delay Tolerant Networks