Design and simulation of different shaped (S, E, C and combined S-E-C) multiband MPA array using advanced design system

A dual-band, 4×2 microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array for future 5G communication applications is proposed in this paper. The single element antenna of the proposed array configuration is a dual band patch antenna with dimension of 8×8 mm². This proposed single element antenna has resonance frequencies of 29 GHz and 40.5 GHz, and achieves 5.69 dBi and 4.54 dBi gain at the center frequencies respectively. The attained -10dB impedance bandwidth of the single element antenna is 10.34% and 12.34% at two operating frequency bands. Using corporate fed and series fed, the proposed 8-element MPA array is designed from this single element. The dimension of the proposed array antenna is 38 × 15 mm2 and low-cost FR-4 material is used as the substrate. The proposed array antenna resonates at 29.5 GHz and 38 GHz, and provides 8.4 dBi and 9.3 dBi total gain at the resonance frequencies respectively. Thus, improved bandwidth and better radiation performance over required frequency bands, high gain and use of low-cost material makes the proposed antenna perfect for 5G communication/wireless communication applications.

This paper presents a novel compact microstrip patch antenna for three-band application, consisting of a main straight arm and four spiral branches. This antenna is characterized by the very small size of only 0.191 /spl lambda/g by 0 212 /spl lambda/g at the first resonance frequency of 5.34 GHz, which represents a size reduction of 60% compared to a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The results indicate that the return loss is better than 10 dB and that the gain is about 6 dB in each band.

Graphene based array antennas are becoming more popular for wireless applications due to their ultra slim structure, versatile nature, flexibility, robustness and other advantages as compared to conventional patch antennas. Small size and high gain coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed single element microstrip patch antenna (MPA), 16 elements array antenna and 32 elements array antenna for millimeter wave applications are presented in this paper. The proposed antenna configurations have been designed and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). Kapton is used as the dielectric substrate having dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 0.075 mm. Graphene is used in the radiating patch as well as ground plane of the antennas whose electrical conductivity is of 1.4286 × 106 S/m2. The thickness of patch and ground plane are of 0.025 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. Each single element antenna has dimension of 1.75×1.5×0.075 mm3 and each array configuration consist of corresponding number of same dimensional single elements. The results of all the proposed antenna configurations have been analyzed in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain, VSWR and radiation efficiency. Among all the proposed antennas and analyzed feeding methods, the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feed 32 elements array antenna shows the best performance.

A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is presented for telemetry applications in S-band around 2.4 GHz. In this paper we compare the performance of microstrip patch antenna designed over two layer conventional substrate with different relative permittivity and different height and over a Reactive Impedance Substrate with slot, both of them being constituted with the same substrate layers. In particular we optimize the feeding position and number of reactive elements upon the antenna bandwidth and axial ratio. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically the performance of various antenna configurations, antenna over a single layer substrate or dual-layer substrate, patch without slot or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 10%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials. The return loss pattern of different microstrip patch antenna with and without RIS arrangement is also compared using HFSS simulation software.

Abstract. The antenna cross polarization suppression (CPS) is of significant importance for the accurate calculation of polarimetric weather radar moments. State-of-the-art reflector antennas fulfill these requirements, but phased array antennas are changing their CPS during the main beam shift, off-broadside direction. Since the cross polarization (x-pol) of the array pattern is affected by the x-pol element factor, the single antenna element should be designed for maximum CPS, not only at broadside, but also for the complete angular electronic scan (e-scan) range of the phased array antenna main beam positions. Different methods for reducing the x-pol radiation from microstrip patch antenna elements, available from literature sources, are discussed and summarized. The potential x-pol sources from probe fed microstrip patch antennas are investigated. Due to the lack of literature references, circular and square shaped X-Band radiators are compared in their x-pol performance and the microstrip patch antenna size variation was analyzed for improved x-pol pattern. Furthermore, the most promising technique for the reduction of x-pol radiation, namely "differential feeding with two RF signals 180° out of phase", is compared to single fed patch antennas and thoroughly investigated for phased array applications with simulation results from CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS). A new explanation for the excellent port isolation of dual linear polarized and differential fed patch antennas is given graphically. The antenna radiation pattern from single fed and differential fed microstrip patch antennas are analyzed and the shapes of the x-pol patterns are discussed with the well-known cavity model. Moreover, two new visual based electromagnetic approaches for the explanation of the x-pol generation will be given: the field line approach and the surface current distribution approach provide new insight in understanding the generation of x-pol component in microstrip patch antenna radiation patterns.

This work presents a wideband 60 GHz microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array based on low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer technology. Four parasitic patches are stacked above the driven MPA. An additional resonant mode is excited by the proposed parasitic surrounding stacked patches (PSSPs) to enhance the bandwidth of the MPA. The structure of the PSSPs increases the gain of the MPA due to its array configuration. The proposed PSSP structure can find many applications in designs for large‐scale antenna arrays because the PSSPs and the driven microstrip patch are distributed at different layers. This arrangement allows a direct feed network to the MPA without the blockage caused by the PSSPs. A 2 × 2 antenna array was designed and fabricated with the PSSPs to further increase its gain. The proposed array can achieve a gain of 10.5 dBi and a wide bandwidth of 27.3% at 60 GHz.

This communication presents for the first time a 16-element planar X-band bidirectional antenna array for beamforming applications. The planar (2D) antenna array is comprised of planar polygon slot antenna elements that utilize a metamaterial inspired reactive coupling element. Simulation and measurement results are presented for both a single antenna element and a 16-element planar array, which resides on a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. Successful comparison between measured and simulated results verifies that the single antenna element achieves a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 17.5% and the planar antenna array achieves a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 25% both at a center frequency of approximately 11 GHz. The measured gain of the planar antenna array is more than 14.5 dBi with an efficiency of 65%. The overall size of the planar antenna array is 3.3λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sub> × 3.6λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sub> × 0.0093λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sub> at 11 GHz.

This paper presents a compact octagonal array of microstrip patch antennas for direct broadcast satellite (DBS) (12.2–12.7 GHz) services. The proposed single element of this array is a new fractal antenna, having considerably high gain and can heavily suppress cross polarization along the main beam direction. The single element is derived from a 2D spiral geometry. The corporate feed network of the array is designed in such a manner to make the structure very compact. The fabricated single element resonates at 12.51 GHz and gives a gain and bandwidth of 9.32 dBi and 280 MHz, respectively. The array resonates at 12.46 GHz and gives gain of 17.67 dBi and a bandwidth of 506 MHz, which ensures a 100% coverage of the entire DBS service band. The measured cross polarization of single element and array along the direction of main beam are −45.50 and −43.35 dB, respectively. Both the single element as well as the array maintains a reasonably good radiation efficiency of 86.70 and 82.20%, respectively.

This work presents mmWave compact microstrip patch antenna array design for 5G wireless communication. First of all, antenna element with form factor of 18.4×13.0×0.787 mm3 is designed by using CST MWS. The designed antenna element resonates at resonating frequency of 10 GHz with minimum return loss of −30 dB. In this element the peak realized gain of 5 dBi, total efficiency 62% and acceptable VSWR<2 is observed. After that 1×4 antenna array is designed which has maximum bandwidth of 500 MHz and peak realized gain of 11 dBi. The designed antenna array efficiency, gain and equivalent circuit modelling is also presented and discussed. Overall, the designed inset fed microstrip patch antenna array can be integrated to 5G wireless communication devices.

A compact dual-frequency dual-band square microstrip patch antenna using square loop slots on the patch and a rectangular slot on finite ground plane have been designed and presented in this paper. The total size of the designed antenna is very small which is only \( 15 \times 15\,{\text{mm}}^{2} \). The proposed fabricated antenna resonates at 1.8 and 5.5 GHz which belong to L and C band. Almost 93% compactness has been achieved with respect to the conventional microstrip antenna resonating at 1.8 GHz. The designed antenna may be suitable for GSM 1800 and HiperLAN-2 applications.

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna with probe feed is proposed in this paper. The patch of an antenna has a key circular slot which is auxiliary truncated in circular style resulting three narrow bands of the most worthy and in-use wireless technologies of the modern age, that are GSM, Wi-Fi and WiMAX. The resonating bandwidths of the presented antenna ranges from 1.79 to 1.83 GHz for GSM 1800, 2.40 to 2.48 GHz for Wi-Fi and from 3.32 to 3.42 GHz used for WiMAX. The design process has been carried out in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and antenna is fabricated manually, to assess and evaluate the real characteristics.

In this paper, a compact Microstrip patch antenna having multiple slots, which gives dual band frequencies for ultra wide band (UWB) applications is presented. Ultra wideband (also known as UWB or as digital pulse wireless) is a wireless technology for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands with very low power for a short distance. 3.1-10.6 GHz spectrum allocated for Ultra-Wideband communications. Radiating patch is placed on the FR4 epoxy substrate. It has dielectric constant of 4.4, and it provides good bandwidth. Coaxial feed technique is used to feed the antenna with 50 ohm impedance. The antenna proposed in this paper has a return loss to -21.53 dB at 3.65 GHz and -29.12 dB at 7.24 GHz. HFSS(High Frequency Structure simulate) is used to simulate the results. It shows VSWR

This paper proposes a new approach to reduce the size of the patch antenna by embedding a 2D grounded-pad array in an antenna substrate. Periodically installed grounded-pads are expected to exhibit slow-wave effects. First of all, a microstrip delay line having a 1D grounded-pad array in its substrate is demonstrated theoretically by the conventional FDTD method, and the slow-wave effect is discussed in section 2. Next, a 2D grounded-pad array is applied to a microstrip patch antenna to reduce the size of the antenna, and experimental results are shown in section 3 together with the theoretical ones. In the experiment using a prototype model, an LTCC substrate, which is suitable for multi-layer structures, was adopted.

In this paper, a different method for designing a novel and compact microstrip patch antenna with step slots etched on the ground plane and split square ring slots etched on the patch has been designed with wide bandwidth and minimal return loss characteristic for UWB applications. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using HFSS. An extra rectangular slot in the ground plane is used to create an additional resonance at higher frequency. The proposed antenna can operate from 18.5939 GHz to 29.9792 GHz for VSWR <2. The Simulated results obtained for this antenna resonant frequency at 20.6281GHz with - 45.06dB and wide bandwidth is 11.3853 GHz (55.19% with center frequency) show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range.

Summary form only given. A reconfigurable antenna based on liquid crystal technology is presented in this paper. It comprises of a 1×4 microstrip patch antenna array, LC-based inverted microstrip line (IMSL) phase shifters, and RF-feeding and biasing networks. Nematic LC (N-LC) cell is used as tunable substrates for both the microstrip patch antenna array and the phase shifters. The dielectric tensor of N-LC is controlled a DC or low-frequency AC bias voltage. The microstrip patches are used as waveguide radiating elements while the LC-based IMSL phase shifters are used to steer the main beam. The RF signal coupled between the phase shifters and microstrip patch antennas are guided and then radiated from the top face of the microstrip patch antennas. As a proof of concept, the beam steering capability of the reconfigurable antenna is demonstrated by steering the main beam to -27°, 0 and 27° at 14.5 GHz and the frequency tuning capability is demonstrated by changing the frequency from 15.9 GHz at 0V to 14.3 GHz at 10 V, a tuning range of 10%. Comparisons with measurements are provided in order to validate the proposed numerical approach and illustrate the potential use of LC's as tunable materials in microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.