Performance Analysis and Systematic Review of Privacy Preservation-Based Authentication Models and Cryptographic-Based Data Protocols

File-sharing activities become a bridge for communication in the form of data between one party and another party. File sharing allows users to share data with other users, by uploading data to the server computer and other users can download data from the server computer. A document security system is indispensable to keep document data safe until its destination. File Web Sharing will transmit data with cryptographic methodologies. The algorithm used is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Blowfish. This study aims to compare the performance of AES, DES, and Blowfish algorithms when implemented to secure file sharing. Performance research results show that the DES algorithm is on average 8.35% faster than AES and the Blowfish algorithm is 7.11% faster than AES. Memory usage capacity testing shows that the AES algorithm requires 4.82% greater memory capacity than Blowfish, and the DES requires 2.41% greater memory capacity than the Blowfish algorithm. Kegiatan file sharing menjadi jembatan komunikasi data antara satu pihak dengan pihak lainnya. File sharing memberikan pengguna kemampuan untuk berbagi data dengan pengguna lain, dengan cara mengunggah data ke komputer server dan pengguna lain dapat mengunduh data dari komputer server. Sistem keamanan terhadap dokumen sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga data dokumen tetap aman sampai tujuannya. Web File Sharing akan mengirimkan data dengan metodologi kriptografi. Algoritma yang digunakan adalah Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), dan Blowfish. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja algoritma AES, DES dan Blowfish saat diimplementasikan untuk mengamankan file sharing. Hasil pengujian kinerja menunjukkan bahwa algoritma DES rata-rata 8,35% lebih cepat dibandingkan AES sedangkan Blowfish 7,11% lebih cepat dibandingkan AES. Berdasarkan pengujian kapasitas penggunaan memori terlihat bahwa AES membutuhkan kapasitas memori 4,82% lebih besar dibandingkan Blowfish dan DES membutuhkan kapasitas memori 2,41% lebih besar dari Blowfish.

Data security is the focus of information security. As a primary method, file encryption is adopted for ensuring data security. Encryption algorithms created to meet the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are widely used in a variety of systems. These algorithms are computationally highly complex, thus, the efficiency of encrypting or decrypting large files can be drastically reduced. To this end, we propose an optimized algorithm that efficiently encrypts and decrypts large files by parallelizing processing tasks on a single heterogeneous many-core processor in the Sunway TaihuLight computer system. Firstly, we convert the serial DES and AES programs to our experimental platform. Then we implement a task assignment strategy to test the converted algorithms. Finally, in order to optimize parallelized algorithms and improve data transmission performance, we apply the master-slave communication optimization, the three-stage parallel pipeline, and vectorization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our optimized algorithm is faster than the state-of-the-art open-source implementations of DES and AES. Compared with the serial processing algorithms, our parallelized DES and AES perform nearly 40 times and 72 times faster, respectively. The work described in this paper leverages existing methods and provides a sound basis for the direction of future research in data encryption.

Data security and encryption is one of the most useful at highly essential aspects of enabling effective security of the data against attacks and intrusions. This is an effective and useful technique that has been evolved significantly over the past few years. For the purpose of encryption the AES was prominently used before. The data encryption standard is highly effective but was prone to encryption failure against brute force attacks that have been highly effective against this encryption standard. Therefore the advanced encryption standard has been used since then to improve the performance of encryption significantly. The advanced encryption standard has been useful and realization of effective security but has been optimized specifically for achieving high throughput and high bandwidth for a variety of implementations. In this methodology we propose an enhancement to the AES encryption approach through the improvement of key generation process through the utilization of the genetic algorithm. The effective and useful implementation of genetic algorithm has been significantly useful for improving the performance of the AES encryption con siderably. Keywords: Data Security, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Genetic Algorithm, Key Generation, Cryptography

<p>Cloud computing has spread widely among different organizations due to its advantages, such as cost reduction, resource pooling, broad network access, and ease of administration. It increases the abilities of physical resources by optimizing shared use. Clients’ valuable items (data and applications) are moved outside of regulatory supervision in a shared environment where many clients are grouped together. However, this process poses security concerns, such as sensitive information theft and personally identifiable data leakage. Many researchers have contributed to reducing the problem of data security in cloud computing by developing a variety of technologies to secure cloud data, including encryption. In this study, a set of encryption algorithms (advance encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), Blowfish, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption, and international data encryption algorithm (IDEA) was compared in terms of security, data encipherment capacity, memory usage, and encipherment time to determine the optimal algorithm for securing cloud information from hackers. Results show that RSA and IDEA are less secure than AES, Blowfish, and DES). The AES algorithm encrypts a huge amount of data, takes the least encipherment time, and is faster than other algorithms, and the Blowfish algorithm requires the least amount of memory space.</p>

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of US announced Rijndael algorithm as the advanced encryption standard (AES) in October 2000, Despite AES surpassing in security the data encryption standard (DES), it is still rare to be implemented in smart cards, due to the reason of deficient AES coprocessors. Here a chip operation system (COS) called NexCard, which derived from Microsoft's Windows COS, is used as the AES implementation platform. After a suitable COS architecture design for AES and methodology of efficient memory usage, the simulation result shows that direct embedding AES encryption attains 0.56 ms at system clock 15 MHz on the INFINEON SLE66CX322P chip without existence of coprocessor. Corresponding to the development needs in smart card cryptographic algorithm implementations, and different level of the security design specifications, a concept to conjoin numbers of algorithms into single smart card called cipher system on demand (CSOD) method is accomplished in this study concurrently. This is a method utilizing the multiapplication capability of NexCard v2.0 to execute the same AES algorithm as an on-card applet. Although the performance of CSOD is not as good as AES embedded method, CSOD can provide the same result in the situation of adaptability and extendibility.

Popular cryptographic technology called Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) enables secure data transfer over the internet. It is used for a variety of purposes, such as secure data transfer, mobile phone encryption, and encryption of extremely sensitive data. It operates in terms of blocks, or chunks, of data. Steganography is the process of hiding data in another sort of data, such as a digital image. If a user wants to utilize a cryptographic method to conceal encrypted data in an image, such as AES, it is essential that the method be impervious to all possible attacks. This study has analyzed the possibility to hide data inside digital photos by utilizing encryption techniques like AES. The performance comparison of AES and Data Encryption Standard (DES), a full Python implementation of the AES for image steganography is also presented. To illustrate how each method performs, experimental results are provided. The Advanced Encryption Standard can be programmed in software or built with pure hardware.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as a specification for the encryption of electronic data. AES is comparatively highly secure and more efficient than well-known other cryptographic algorithms and existing Data Encryption Standard (DES). This work is focused in analyzing selecting valuable research publications on AES. This also discusses some machine learning techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) used to protect side channel attack for images. Besides this, many other recent developments such as effective differential power analysis (DPA) technique and hybrid encryption algorithm using LZW have been discussed and analyzed in details. Finally, the paper concludes with a systematic analysis of different types of attacks on AES and some future research aspects in this context. Finally, this work also proposes a new model for attack detection in AES.

Security in the wireless networks is the main factor when they are deployed in a harsh environment, and this is the crucial factor in the case of sensor networks. Cryptography has a significant role to achieve this in wireless sensor networks. Though there exist several cryptographic algorithms, but none of them provide desired results for security. In this paper, a new cryptographic technique has been developed that uses both symmetric and asymmetric methods. In the proposed algorithm, advanced encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), and modified Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (m-RSA) are used in different phases of the algorithm because symmetric techniques provide a high level of security and asymmetric ones provide easier key management. In phase 1 of an algorithm, AES has been used; in phase 2, DES has been used; and in the last phase, m-RSA has been used, and all three phases are executed in parallel. The proposed algorithm is compared with existing techniques in terms of total execution time and decryption time, and it has been analyzed that the proposed algorithm provides a better result as compared to the existing algorithm.

Encryption is one of the most important security methods in Fifth Generation (5G) networks, offering high speed and security to support enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), as well as Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC). Each algorithm (Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), ZUC, Synchronous Network-Oriented Word-oriented stream cipher, version 3G (Snow3G)) has distinct strengths and weaknesses in speed and security. Therefore, this research presents two new hybrid models: ZUC-AES (combining the speed of ZUC with the strength of AES) and SNOW3G-DES (combining the speed of SNOW3G with the strength of DES). The models were simulated in MATLAB for data up to 5,000,000 bits, the results simulating six algorithms in MATLAB showed an improvement in strength compared to conventional algorithms, with the p-value on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP 800-22 test improving by approximately average 50% for ZUC-AES (0.4323) compared to ZUC alone (0.288). ZUC was found to be the fastest of all with time 0.85s to 1000000 bit, while the third model, ZUC-AES, achieved superior results compared to AES and DES, while closely matching Snow3G's performance. The study proposed integrating RSA into the system to encrypt keys for secure exchange and increase the strength of encryption.

Practical cracking of Data Encryption Standard (DES) and mathematical cracking of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is seriously questionable despite the fact that AES retains good length of the encryption key, but still all encryption rounds have been cracked mathematically. Therefore, there is a need to revisit the cracking excursion of these well-known cryptosystems to inquire into potential discrepancies associated with them and to evolve the design of future block ciphers. Thus, this study aims to enlighten the cryptanalysis journey of AES and DES, including all DES variants (TDES, DESX and DEX+) to discuss latent weaknesses, issues and problems associated with these block ciphers. To accomplish this review task, quality of related studies was collected from several well-known research repositories and each study was critically analyzed. Earlier review-efforts were found relatively marginal in scope, capacity and are not up-to-date with the latest issues, and cryptanalysis results thereby differ with this work. The resultant discussion shows that known parameters like static substitution, static permutation, fixed block size and repeated encryption rounds with a similar set of encryption operations support the crackers in executing effective cryptanalysis in symmetric block ciphers. Therefore, encrypting the secret data with too many repeated encryption rounds with identical encryption operations is not as effective in enhancing the security of symmetric block cipher as it is usually believed.

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) recommends AES algorithm as a cryptographic algorithm to maintain confidentiality and data security between spacecraft and ground systems. In implementation, there are several AES algorithm operating modes including Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC), Electronic Codebook (EBC), Cipher Feedback (CFB), Output Feedback (OFB), and counter mode (CTR). One of the operating modes of AES algorithm recommended by CCSDS is CTR because it has advantages in terms of efficiency of implementation and offers a high level of data security. LAPAN-A4 as the next generation of LAPAN satellites also uses CCSDS standard in terms of data exchange between satellites and ground stations including telemetry and telecommand (TTC) data and satellite payload data. In order to protect LAPAN-A4 satellite data, especially TTC data, in this paper AES algorithm was implemented in CTR operating mode on the FPGA which will then be implemented on LAPAN-A4 satellite onboard data handling (OBDH) as one of LAPAN-A4 satellite data security systems. To overcome the limited resource of FPGA, optimization is also done using basic iterative AES hardware reused method, which is to reuse hardware that has been designed n times for same operation for AES algorithm. From the results of implementation and optimization, efficiency of logic gates used is increasing almost a quarter less than the previous research.

With today's development and expansion of networks and internet-connected devices, information security is an issue of increasing concern. Confidentiality is one of the focuses in network security for digital communication systems, where large data blocks go through a cryptographic algorithm with a cipher key that increases the security and complexity of the output ciphertext. For the past several years, multiple security algorithms have been developed and utilized in the data encryption process, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), and the current one, designated by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm that has a minimum input data block size of 128-bits which undergo a series of permutations, substitutions, and digital logic operations over several rounds. Encryption algorithms are always improving on ciphertext complexity, required hardware storage allocation, and execution time. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA's) are a hardware alternative for encryption algorithm implementation because, although the logic units in it are fixed, the functions and interconnections between them are based on the user's design which allow for improvement. The research presented focuses on the development and analysis of an efficient AES-128 Mix Columns algorithm implementation, utilized in the data block encryption rounds, on an Altera Cyclone IV FPGA using the Intel Quartus II software and Verilog Hardware Description Language.

The incredible advancements in data transmission technology have opened up more potentials for data security than ever before. Numerous methods for data protection have been developed during the previous decades, including steganography and cryptography. The security and integrity of medical data have emerged as major barriers for healthcare service systems as the Internet of Things has evolved dramatically in the healthcare business. Communication between two devices securely is a difficult problem. Numerous cryptographic algorithms are already available, including data encryption standard (DES), Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), and advanced encryption standard (AES). In this paper, we present a hybrid security model for the protection of diagnostic text data contained in medical photographs. The proposed model is built by combining a proposed hybrid encryption system with either a 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform 1 Level (2D-DWT-1L) or a 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform 2 Level (2D-DWT-2L) steganography technique. The suggested model encrypts secret data and hides them using 2D-DWT-3L. As text covers, color and grayscale images are employed. The suggested system’s performance was tested using PSNR, SSIM, MSE, and Correlation. Associated to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed model masked personal patient data with high capacity, imperceptibility and minimum deterioration in the received stego-image. We use MATLAB to build the proposed mechanism, and measures such as throughput and execution time are used to assess performance.

From the Publisher: In October 2000, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology selected the block cipher Rijndael as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES is expected to gradually replace the present Data Encryption Standard (DES) as the most widely applied data encryption technology.|This book by the designers of the block cipher presents Rijndael from scratch. The underlying mathematics and the wide trail strategy as the basic design idea are explained in detail and the basics of differential and linear cryptanalysis are reworked. Subsequent chapters review all known attacks against the Rijndael structure and deal with implementation and optimization issues. Finally, other ciphers related to Rijndael are presented.|This volume is THE authoritative guide to the Rijndael algorithm and AES. Professionals, researchers, and students active or interested in data encryption will find it a valuable source of information and reference.

The Smart Grid (SG) is an upgraded electrical system integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide two-way data exchange between power consumers and manufacturers. This innovation facilitates smooth digital connectivity between smart devices like Smart Appliances (SAs), Smart Meters (SMs), and the Service Provider (SP), enabling remote data management to achieve enhanced energy distribution. However, using insecure wireless communications channels poses serious security threats, such as replay, impersonation, man-in-the-middle, and physical capture attacks. Numerous cryptographic algorithms, including RSA, Bilinear Pairing, Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), are used in existing studies to address the problem of information breakout. Furthermore, because the parameters and key space are so large, these methods suffer from higher computing costs and communication overhead. To resolve this issue, we have proposed a lattice-based privacy-preserving framework for the SG network that can withstand quantum attacks. Moreover, because quantum computers cannot solve the lattice-based hard problems, the lattice-based signcryption scheme is developed to resist quantum attacks. We have also integrated blockchain technology with the proposed scheme to make the data tamper-resistant and secure against adversary attacks. The proposed protocol is intended to offer data confidentiality, data integrity, and unforgeability. The proposed protocol also withstands several known attacks, such as Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), replay, known session key, insider, and post-quantum attacks. We have simulated our scheme using the AVISPA simulation program, which proves the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed scheme in meeting the required security properties.