Advance automatic toll collection & vehicle detection during collision using RFID

The toll collection is becoming a major problem on the highways leading to large waiting queues. Toll gates installed on highways result in increased waiting time and fuel usage. In this paper, a study on automated toll collection system using radio frequency identification (RFID)-based system is presented, which provides fast identification of vehicles and toll collection. Using this system, the identification can be done just by slowing down the speed of the vehicle when it is passing from the toll plaza. The RFID reader scans the RFID tag or card and deducts the amount from it. The research analysed the system by proposing a mechanism and implementing an example scenario, which considered the random arrival of different vehicles. This technique is also compared with other existing mechanisms such as number plate recognition and barcode-based passes, which showed the need to utilise this technique for toll collection.

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology successfully integrates radio transmitter and receiver, small size memory space and control circuitry to remotely store and retrieve data via wireless RF transceiver. As low-cost RFID tag can be massively manufactured by semiconductor industry, new applications associated with RFID technology have emerged rapidly such as inventory tracking, book storage and management, and airport baggage handling. Generally an RFID system is composed of many RFID tags (or tagged objects), at least one RFID reader, and one backend application system with database. An RFID tag gains its operation energy from query signals that are radio waves transmitted by RFID reader. Once a tag responds the query with its stored information to RFID reader, usually a unique identity number or string, the RFID system can recognize the tag carrier and perform required business logic operation. As RFID technique is widely used in supply chain management, the corresponding RFID application systems are expected to process and manage large amount of tagged objects at a predefined period of time regularly. Therefore, for large-scaled RFID applications, tag reading throughput is very critical since it will affect the total data processing time. To measure tag reading throughput of a RFID system, two performance criteria are usually adopted: tag reading delay and reader energy consumption [5]. As RFID reader and tag always communicate over a shared wireless channel, it is very easy to have signal collisions during a normal tag identification process when multiple tags exist in reader’s interrogation area. Signal collision results in query or data retransmission and eventually increases communication overhead and time delay of tag identification. Hence, an efficient tag collision arbitration mechanism is very important and critical for RFID systems to achieve effective performance. Existing RFID tag identification schemes can be classified into aloha-based solutions [3, 10, 12-13, 16, 21, 23-24] and tree-based solutions [1, 2, 4, 6-9, 14-15, 17-20, 22]. In aloha-based schemes, a reader estimates the number of tags in its interrogation area and broadcasts the total number of timeslots to each tag. Then each RFID tag randomly selects its own timeslot to transmit its ID without knowing which timeslots have been selected by other tags. By distributing tag responses to distinct timeslots instead of getting all tag responses at the same time, aloha-based schemes effectively reduce the probability of signal collision. However, aloha-based schemes have tag starvation problem in which certain tags may not

Toll plaza is considered conventional toll collection, which is manual and the most common toll collection method in Vietnam. This study attempts to analyze the traffic performance of toll plaza by using the microsimulation software VISSIM. At the selected toll plaza, An Suong—An Lac toll plaza, Hochiminh City, traffic data including traffic volume, traffic composition and service time are collected at toll booths for all types of payment. A suggested solution is conducted to enhance the level of service of the selected toll plaza. The output of this study indicates that the best solution for reducing queue length, vehicle day at toll plaza is to change the payment type from manual method to Electric Toll Collection (ETC) method.KeywordsToll plazaMicrosimulationVISSIMTraffic performanceElectronic toll collection

This paper proposes a very novel approach to implement the automatic toll tax collection system on the toll plazas using radio frequency identification (RFID) and global system for mobile (GSM). Nowadays, the cities and highways are bursting with traffic, and very often long queues of vehicles can be seen at various toll plazas so that they can pay the toll and then able to use the road or highway. So a system is proposed wherein the toll tax could be paid via cashless transactions and people wouldn’t have to wait for a long time for the cash payment of the toll tax. This would save people’s money and time simultaneously. It would also eliminate errors in cash transactions and further ease the job of the toll plaza companies. It would definitely bring down any of the corruptions occurring at the toll plazas. Finally, it would make the existing toll tax collection more efficient and ease our lives a bit more.

ATC (Automatic toll collection) system that is used in the highway, bridge and tunnel. This paper discusses the concept of use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in vehicle identification and auto debit of toll amount. The structural design of entire system that stores data on centralized server and facilitate efficient access for the purpose of toll collection in relatively predicted route is proposed. In case of nonpayment at toll center, the jamming concept is introduced that forces the vehicle to stop at the shortest possible distance from toll centre. The auto debit system which mainly relies upon minimum balance also takes care of over utilization of auto toll system when the balance goes below threshold. The privacy issues of RFID are discussed. The size and various types of RFID tags are discussed. Thus the system is proposed to make much more efficient than manual toll system and reduce traffic congestion at toll center.

<p> In order to cut down the manual work at toll plazas, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based concept is portage for the entire process within a second. The system uses passive tag which will have the particular number mapping the owner information; this useful detail is stored in congruence to that particular number.</p> <p><a href="https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150560">https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150560</a></p>

Exploratory Study on Approaches for Traffic count Prediction; Using Toll-Way Traffic Count

To Usually, schools have an attendance system where they are recorded manually by the teachers. Later this data is entered into a computer and the aggregate percentage of student’s attendance is calculated. This method results in duplication of work and increases manpower requirements. Recently, student’s attendance has been considered as one of the crucial elements or issues that reflects the academic achievements and the performance contributed to any school authorities compared to the traditional methods that impose time-consuming and inefficiency. Raspberry Pi microprocessors can be used to interface with an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader to save user information and time to an SD (Storage Device) card. The reader can also emit radio frequency signals that are received by RFID tags, which then transmit their unique identification numbers. RFID is a wireless technology which uses to a purpose of identifying and tracking an object via radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label to send data to RFID reader, then immediately web camera starts to recognise the face of the student and marks his/her attendance. This Raspberry Pi based project is for reducing manpower and implementing automation of attendance system and furthermore being beneficial for the schools or any other workplace.

An RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based security and access control system is proposed in this paper. Recently, a crime against children is increasing in higher rate and it is high time to offer a safety system for the school going children. In this work, our aim is to build a security system to keep the student secure. This system provides a unique identification number that is RFID card. Generally, the RFID card will be scanned in an RFID reader. RFID reader will send data to Arduino where the database program is previously set. Arduino programs are written in C language. If anyone remains absent after school starts, the GSM module will send an automated SMS to his or her parents. Students may need to leave school for an emergency case. Then he/she can take special permission from the administration. There is a button set for the administration to open the gate immediately for this reason. Parents will be provided RFID card from the school authority. Because student card won’t work for the second time in a day. So parents will have to scan their card after school to receive their children. And their card will only work after school. Hence, the risks of any occurrence are reduced and ensured the safety of the student.

Oilfield tubulars (typically metallic pipes) and other types of oilfield equipment are typically stored in outdoor areas and may be scattered around the field. Managing these types of inventory is challenging and costly, as it requires significant labor resources. Therefore, inventory inaccuracy is common, and data-driven decisions may not be possible in a timely manner. We propose the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) for tracking oilfield tubulars and similar, outdoor-stored, equipment. Our proposed application utilizes passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology that enables capturing unique serial identification numbers that are attached to inventory items from a distance of several meters. Passive UHF RFID tags require no batteries to operate. Typical tag cost is low. Each tag is placed on an inventory item and corresponds to a database entry containing specific information about this item. The tag communicates its serial number using power provided by an RFID reader radio transmission. The RFID reader is securely mounted to the underside of a UAV flown over the field. Captured RFID tags are either stored locally and retrieved once the UAV lands, or are wirelessly transmitted to a constantly updating inventory database. In addition to tag ID, the captured data typically includes time and date stamp, as well as location data. This research project included the design and manufacturing of an enclosure to house a RFID reader system which includes a host computer, embedded reader, antenna, power source, and necessary components for user interface. Specialized mounts were designed and manufactured to attach the enclosure and antenna to the UAV. The project incorporated the development of "middleware", specialized software installed on the host computer to communicate with the reader. The reader handles low-level communication with the antenna. To reduce network traffic, event management and data filtering are efficiently performed. The results of several UAV flights in experimental areas are presented and discussed. Various brands of passive RFID tags for oilfield applications were tested. Particular attention was given to population density of the items, stacking configuration, vertical altitude distance between reader and tags, and time to collect inventory data for a given area of surveillance. As RFID applications are increasing in the oil, gas, solar, and other sectors of the energy production industries, UAVs can effectively be used to get important operational and inventory data. UAV use is particularly appealing in inaccessible and remote locations.

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) has emerged as a notable technology among industrial manufacturers to develop automation systems. It caters the unique identification number with conforming international global standards for each tagged object which is traced. The aim of the present study is to contribute a framework based on RFID application for the process control of manufacturing system in order to enhance productivity, efficiency, utilization, as well as decreasing idle time of system. The model is comprised of production system which can be quite well integrated with RFID system. The main role of this technology is to process data captured by RFID gates. Applying this technology makes possibility to manage workflows of transportation lines in terms of various products types. Finally, the implementation of system is analyzed by employing MATLAB's Petri Net toolbox.

This contribution describes how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used to track and trace goods transported by forklift trucks. RFID hardware components are integrated in forklift trucks and goods carriers such as pallets and pallet cages. Information about transport and handling of goods can be stored locally within these goods carriers. New components, which are developed to join RFID functionality with forklift trucks' control devices, are presented. Vehicle sensors and the RFID reader unit are then combined to form a new event-driven approach to integrate forklift trucks as a part of management assistant systems. Forklift trucks are enabled to communicate with these systems by means of a wireless LAN. It is also discussed how vehicle sensors can be displaced by using the RFID reader as a sensor.

Little research has been conducted to evaluate the traffic safety of toll plazas and the impact of electronic toll collection (ETC) systems on highway safety, but analyses indicate that toll plazas do contribute to traffic accidents. Traffic safety issues related to toll plazas and ETC systems were studied using the 1999 and 2000 toll plaza traffic accident reports of the Central Florida expressway system. The analysis focused on accident location with respect to the plaza structure (before, at, after plaza) and driver injury severity (no injury, possible, evident, severe injuries). Two well-known artificial neural network (ANN) paradigms were investigated: the Multi-Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis Functions neural networks. The performance of ANN was compared with calibrated logit models. Modeling results showed that vehicles equipped with ETC devices, especially medium/heavy-duty trucks, have higher risk of being involved in accidents at the toll plaza structure. Also, main-line toll plazas have a higher percentage of accident occurrence upstream of the toll plaza. In terms of driver injury severity, ETC users have a higher chance of being injured when involved in an accident. Older drivers tend to have higher risk of experiencing more severe injuries than younger drivers. Female drivers have a higher chance of experiencing a severe injury than do male drivers.

Wireless identification technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) or barcodes are becoming more critical tools for efficient data collection by managing products individually. However, in order to maximize the full advantage of those technologies, it is important to utilize the additional attributes of a product beside the unique identification number. This paper presents an RFID-based weedicide manufacturing process. The research was carried out using a case study in a manufacturing company that produces agricultural chemicals (i.e. weedicide). This paper provides a simulation analysis of a new process which shows improvement of the cycle time and reduction in the waste of boxes.

The rapid growth of vehicular traffic on highways and expressways has intensified the challenges associated with conventional manual toll collection systems, including traffic congestion, fuel wastage, human errors, and operational inefficiencies. To address these limitations, this paper presents the design and implementation of an Automatic Toll Gate System based on Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The proposed system enables automated vehicle identification, toll deduction, and gate control without human intervention. An RFID reader detects the unique identification tag attached to each vehicle, while a microcontroller processes the transaction and controls the gate mechanism. Integrated IoT functionality allows real-time data transmission to a cloud server, enabling remote monitoring of toll transactions and vehicle flow. The system significantly reduces waiting time at toll plazas, minimizes manual errors, and enhances transparency and efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate reliable operation, low response time, and suitability for smart transportation infrastructure.