COST PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING EARNED VALUE METHOD ON PRESERVATION OF EXIT TOLL ROAD SECTION 5 PANDAAN MALANG

The Risks of Toll Road Infrastructures in Indonesia

Although the Earned Value Method (EVM), a multi-dimensional project control system, has been widely used since 1960, there has been little research focused specifically on its application in IS implementation. The management of IS projects--including the accurate forecasting of project duration--is complicated by the strong impact of the learning curve on the effectiveness of EVM. This study makes new contributions by advancing formulas for the accurate prediction of project duration, and by developing a decision support model in which the learning curve is fully integrated with EVM, and performance changes due to learning are isolated from other factors affecting project duration. The study makes three contributions to the understanding and use of EVM in IS implementation: (1) It provides an extended version of EVM, (2) it provides an illustration of the application of EVM to a real project situation based on empirical data from an ERP implementation project, and (3) it provides a theoretical basis for empirical studies of IS project control techniques. The decision support model can be used to determine both the learning curve coefficient and the project completion date during the early stages of a project, and it thus offers a significant practical contribution to the management of IS projects.

In order to support Laga-Bauguia trade activities, the Ministry of Public Works (PU) is building a road network to the southern region. In its development, there is the development of the Laga-Bauguia Access Road which will be implemented from February 2023 to February 2025. This highway is one of the most important highways because it will connect the north coast area and cross the hills to the Matabian Mountains area which is visited by many tourists. local and foreign. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Laga - Bauguia Highway improvement project in terms of costs and analyze the estimated costs for the remaining work, as well as the cost of completing the Laga - Bauguia Highway improvement project. Every construction project requires control measures in terms of costs, where in carrying out control it is necessary to know in advance the ongoing project performance. One way to determine the cost performance of the project is the Earned Value method. This method can reveal whether the progress in implementing project work is commensurate with the use of part of the budget. By analyzing the concept of Earned Value, the relationship between what has actually been achieved physically and the amount of budget that has been spent can be seen. During the review period in the 8th month, a CPI value of 5.50 was obtained, which means that the actual costs incurred were less than the budget costs. In the 13th month, the CPI value was obtained at 5.50, which means the actual costs incurred were smaller than the budgeted costs.

Earned Value Method (EVM) is a basic approach of project cost management. However, this method did not be effectively used in construction project cost management. In accordance with national planning, valuation with bill quantity (VBQ) will be the main valuation mode of construction project in future. According to Code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works (GB50500-2008) and the requirements of EVM, this paper analysis the price compositions and characteristics of construction project under VBQ, decompose and induce various cost elements which contained in the project reasonable, and formed target cost control baseline which use EVM to control construction project cost. The method this paper presents can combine project pricing and project progress effectively, and provides a feasible way for applying EVM in construction project cost management.

The development of trans-Java road infrastructure is intended to increase regional accessibility and mobility. Probolinggo Regency is one of the regencies traversed by the Trans Java Road, one of its six toll road exits being the eastern toll road exit. By comparing conditions before and after the existence of the eastern toll road exit, this study sought to investigate changes in land usage and land values in the vicinity of the exit. This study employed a qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews and observation. The results indicate that the identification of land use changes after the construction of the toll road exit is not significant because the changes occurred at a greater distance from the location of the exit. By designating the region as toll road infrastructure, settlements, and areas of activity, the paddy fields and dry fields surrounding the exit have been transformed into built-up land. However, since the construction of the eastern toll road exit, land value fluctuations have climbed by between 104% and 140%. In other words, the presence of constructed infrastructure does not necessarily have a direct effect on land-use changes. Nonetheless, it can have a substantial impact on land prices in settlements near the toll road exit.

This research aims to analyze the relationship of delay time and costs with estimated that causes increased costs from perspective of management fees project with earned value method and to analyze the influence of the variables associated with the quality control at each stage of the work concreting. Secondary data collection i.e. the draft budget, the curve S, financing and weekly reports the progress of the project. Primary data i.e. questionnaires to 30 respondents. The cost control and time used earned value methods, and quality control with multiple linear regression. The results of the research project performance until the 27th week of aspects of cost and time projects implementation are not experiencing excess costs, but suffered delays. Regression analysis a very influential determinant variables of each job of making concrete to install formwork: concrete level marking and dimensions for formwork, ironing: the connection reinforcement iron and iron a clean free from rust, oil, and dry concrete, for concreting: checking of slump test and the amount of labor, and to uninstall the formwork: concrete age and concrete level according to plan.

Earned value is a project management tool that provides significant managerial benefits by identifying project deliverables, tying these outputs to specific group or individual responsibility, and tracking performance over time. A less obvious benefit of earned value is that it can provide the justification for claims related to cost adjustments and scope changes. Most important, if the claim cannot be resolved and legal remedies are pursued, earned value methods are consistent with key legal standards for substantiating cost claims. This article presents a case study of the cost system that was used by a contractor who eventually initiated legal claims against the government for alleged scope changes and related cost increases. It demonstrates the relationship between the legal requirements for cost claims and the capabilities of earned value methods. Finally, it contrasts the deficiencies of the methods used by the contractor with good practice in cost estimation and the earned value method.

The earned value method (EVM) is an internationally known technique for project management that emphasizes the control of project cost performance and duration, thus allowing trends to be identified during execution and warning the project manager of variances that may affect the project so that they can take the necessary corrective measures. In this research, the finished projects of a construction company in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, were assessed. EVM was applied to projects from a database developed with information from each one to rebuild past events, existing problems, and critical points and evaluate the performance over time. The results of this analysis are meant to determine the project’s success, calculating the cost variance at the end. EVM motivates project stakeholders to pay attention to costs and progress so that timely actions can be taken to optimize resources, resulting in the completion of a project within budget and on time. In conclusion, EVM plays an essential role in the integral management of the project in terms of scope, time, and cost. Moreover, there are now guidelines for applying this method as a control tool in future construction projects.

In construction projects that occur in Indonesia, implementation often experiences delays and cost losses where the realization in the field does not match the planned schedule and planned budget due to several factors that occur, even though a thorough cost plan has been prepared, in practice in the field there are still many problems that arise problems in implementation. So the Earned Value Concept or EVM (Earned Value Method) method is used to overcome this problem to determine the implementation cost performance during the project and the indicators used for analysis include: BCWP (Budget Cost of Work Performance), BCWS (Budget Cost of Work Schedule), ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performance), SV (Schedule Variance), CV (Cost Variance), SPI (Schedule Performance Index), CPI (Cost Performance Index), ETS (Estimated Temporary Schedule), and EAS (Estimated All Schedule). This research aims to evaluate the cost performance of the Wirosari - Karangasem Subdistrict road section improvement project. Wirosari uses the Earned Value Concept method. This method is used to measure project performance by comparing the value of the results achieved (Earned Value) with the planned value (Planned Value) and target value (Budgeted Cost of Work Performed) from week 1 to week 16 using the Concept Earned Value or EVM (Earned Value Method). From the results of this research, the performance of project implementation costs or calculations is knownCost Performance Index (CPI) Whichcut offweek 16 of 34 weeks in the period 6 to 12 May 2024 was 1.156 and there was no CPI value 1 with Cost Variation (CV) week 16 amounting to IDR 589,440,708.64, so that if the project implementation performance in the weekly reporting remains the same until the project is completed, the estimated costs required to complete the remaining project work orEstimate To Complete (ETC) amounting to IDR 1,294,766,228.89 so that the total estimated project costs required to complete the project work orEstimate At Completion (EAC) is IDR 5,075,881,759.65 and the estimated profit obtained from the project or Variance At Completion (VAC) is IDR 791,424,240.35

Implementing an efficient performance monitoring system is necessary to complete a facility building project on time, on budget, and by established standards and specifications. Inappropriate system monitoring process could lead to project failures such as delay which commonly occurs. If the delay happens, it is necessary to accelerate work productivity to overcome it. Earned value method (EVM) is one of the suggested global standards for measuring project performance. It effectively combines scope, cost, and schedule metrics and can provide a clear picture of the state of the project as of the control date. It also predicts the time prolong and completion budget. This paper proposes a guideline to implement EVM as a decision baseline on acceleration solutions for construction project scheduling by conducting an article review, since the EVM can predict the project’s time estimates at completion (TE). According to the guideline, when arranging network planning based on construction actual work performed, it is essential to use TE as the completion time. From the critical activities in network planning, contractors can conduct the acceleration process such as additional work hours (overtime) and additional manpower. This acceleration scenario later could be implemented in the project as the solution to overcome the delay.

A cut and fill earthworks management system was developed based on 4D CAD and earned value method. The system is composed of a schedule management system, 4D CAD system, cost estimation system, and earned value management system (EVMS). LandXML was employed as the product model to represent terrain data, and IFC was used to represent the process model. We applied the system to a past actual earthworks project and demonstrated that it could facilitate enhancing the control and management of cost and schedule of construction works as well as incorporating the progress payment method effectively.

In this paper, new models were investigated and developed for landslide hazards in Muzaffarabad District, located in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir region of Pakistan. The influential factors used in the landslide modelling were land use/landcover (LULC), elevation, slope, slope aspect, rainfall, drainage, road, surface roughness, and topographic index. The GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was applied by utilizing the database of 35 active landslides and their pixels present in classes of all influential factors. The mean landslide hazard values, obtained from the mean landslide hazard analysis, were used as hazard weightages in the AHP model for development of a landslide hazard zone map. The highest mean hazard values for: (i) bare soil in LULC was 14.6%; (ii) 600–800 m in elevation was 6.89%; (iii) 30°–35° in slope was 6%; (iv) S and SW in slope aspect was 9.01%; (v) 1350–1405 mm/yr in rainfall was 9.03%; (vi) 40–80 m in buffered drainage was 12.83%; (vii) 40–80 m in buffered road was 12.48%; (viii) 60–138 in surface roughness index was 10.99%; (ix) −1.74–−1.25 in topographic position index was 13.07%. The percentages of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high landslide hazard zones were 1.48%, 11.80%, 39.36%, 37.36%, and 9.57% respectively. The co-efficient of the determination (r2) value of 0.96 indicated a strong relationship between the model development and validation. Thus, landslide hazard zone map models and methodology indicated a very high accuracy. This landslide hazard zone map could be utilized for the landslide damages’ reduction and the planning and development of road and building infrastructures in the study area. Additionally, this research could be replicated in other landslide prone areas of Pakistan for the minimizing the damages of landslides.

The aim of this chapter is to present the spatial changes which occurred in Poland in the years 1990–2020 in the context of the development of the transport infrastructure. The study will present, amongst other things, information on the development of road, rail, and air transport infrastructures in Poland. An important aim of the study is also to determine the spatial accessibility of selected locations in the country, in diverse scales and to determine the impact of the infrastructural investments on its changes. In the last 30 years, the transport infrastructure in Poland has changed considerably. After years of infrastructural delays, owing to the social and economic development of the country, accession to the European Union, and the possibility of using additional sources of financing, the technical condition and parameters of roads, railway lines, and airports have improved significantly. This has translated directly into improvements of spatial accessibility in all spatial scales from local ones through to regional, national, and international ones.KeywordsTransport infrastructureSpatial accessibilityPolandModernisation of infrastructureRoad transportRail transportAir transport

In a construction project, there are several aspects that cause the project not to go according to plan. Cost and time are aspects that need to be considered to avoid losses incurred in a project. Jombang-ploso-legundi-gresik road project is one of the road widening projects carried out by PT. Mix Pro Indonesia. The project was carried out with the aim that access to (Surabaya-Mojokerto) or further trans Java toll road is quicker safe and smoother. This research aims to optimize the cost and time on the project using the Earned Value method. Calculations include the calculation of ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performance), BCWS (Budgeted Cost Work Schedule), and BCWP (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed) using the Earned Value method. From these parameters, estimate aspects of cost and time. As well as project analysis of acceleration on a critical trajectory of work. The results of calculations in the 12th week obtained a BCWS value of Rp 1,216,677,846,400 BCWP = Rp 3,040,372,140,080, ACWP = Rp 3,678,560,000. CV value = -Rp 109,203,495.92, SV = Rp 895,646,816.82, CPI = 0.827, and for SPI = 2,499. From these results it can be seen that the CPI value < 1 which means that there are project expenditures that exceed the original plan. With the results, it can be used as a reference in the implementation of project activities.

The development process of complex products is highly uncertain and risky, cause the balance among progress, cost and technology needs to be comprehensively considered. Therefore, how to make decisions on key development plans becomes a problem that needs to be studied and solved. The existing multistage decision model needs to determine the complete stage division, quantity and attribute value of all alternatives in each stage of the development process at the beginning of the decision. However, actually, given the characteristics of long cycle of complex products, high technical risks, and many uncertainties, it is difficult to give the above information in advance in practical work. Therefore, in view of the above shortcomings, this paper proposes a multi-stage scheme decision-making method based on prospect theory and earned value method. First, based on the current progress and cost performance of the project, the dynamic reference point is set by analyzing the deviation between the actual implementation and the plan; Then, the dynamic prospect values of the schedule, cost and technical indicators of each alternative are calculated, and the optimal attribute weights and the comprehensive prospect values of each alternative are obtained by constructing a linear programming model; Finally, the advantages and innovation of the proposed model are further demonstrated through specific application examples.