High-Directivity Microstrip Patch Antennas Based on TModd-0 Modes

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

Nowadays the wireless communication system development requires the low cost, low profile; minimal weight antenna development which is accomplished of continuing great presentation completed a wide frequency range. This upcoming technology fashion has motivated the MSPA (Microstrip Patch Antenna) design. This paperwork presents design and analysis of 2 patches (2 by 1) and 4 patches (4 by 1) Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array (RMSPA) Antennas with corporate feed network systems for S band applications at 2.45 GHz. This S band frequency range is mostly used for mobile satellite communication systems an also used in Bluetooth, Zigbee, Wi-Fi communication technologies. In the proposed work, 4.5 dielectric constant and 1.65 mm thickness of the substrate is used. The primary of this research work is to present an RMSPA antenna design and analysis using CSTMWS software “Computer Simulation Technology Micro Wave Studio” and investigate the performance of 2 elements patch arrays with that of a 4 elements patch arrays for the same 2.45 GHz operating frequency. It also made the study and investigation between the 2 elements and 4 elements corporate feed systems in terms of reflection coefficient (return loss), VSWR, bandwidth, directivity, gain, and radiation pattern. The main intension of this paperwork is to achieve an extraordinary directivity with enhanced gain and reduced losses at S band frequency range.

This paper presents a new design of the microstrip patch antenna operated at the terahertz frequencies (700-850 GHz). The conventional microstrip patch antenna dimensions shrink to a few microns when operating at such terahertz frequencies. Thus, the design of the patch and its feeding network will be miniaturized extremely, and their fabrications would be extremely difficult. In this paper, the configuration of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is suited in a way that it can be modeled using multilayers structure. This multilayer structure facilitates the modeling, and considering its fabrication. The proposed microstrip antenna has been designed using three layers. The top layer is used to model the rectangular patch; while the second layer is for the substrate, and the bottom layer is for the ground plane. The physical dimensions of the layers and the fed-line are optimised using the microwave Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulator in order to enhance the electrical parameters of the antenna such as antenna realised gain, bandwidth, total and radiation efficiencies, and radiation patterns. In addition to that, the impact of the physical dimensions of the rectangular patch on controlling the resonant frequency of the dominant mode (TM01) have been investigated. Keeping the lower and higher propagating modes out of the frequency band of interest is another aspect which has been addressed in this paper. The antenna has been simulated, and its realised gain fluctuates from 6.4 dBi to 9.7 dBi over the operating frequency range (700-850 GHz). Also, it provides extremely large reflection coefficient bandwidth (S11) which it is below -10 dB over the entire operating frequency band. The total efficiency is more than 75 %. Due to its simplicity and providing large bandwidth, the proposed antenna could be of interest in many security and surveillance applications.

The goal of this research is to develop an unconstrained reconfigurable programmable array antenna. The concept is to build microstrip patch antenna arrays using individual controllable pixels. A 16 by 16 array of mechanically actuated pixels has been constructed. Air gaps exist in the ground plane, substrate, and conductor layer. This prototype is controlled through software to build an array of microstrip antennas. A set of feed lines and antennas can be created in any pattern within milliseconds. The Software Defined Antenna was used to build a single patch antenna and an array of 2 patch antennas fed by a feed network. Radiation pattern and gain measurements were performed. The gain is consistent with that of standard microstrip patch antennas (5 to 7 dBi).

A novel spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs)-fed microstrip patch antenna with a simple low-profile geometry is proposed. The method of inserting an open-ended planar single-conductor SSPPs section into the supporting substrate under the rectangular patch is investigated originally to excite the required TM10 mode and to achieve the promising impedance matching simultaneously. An impedance bandwidth of 8.2%, stable linearly polarized unidirectional radiation, and a gain of around 6 dBi are confirmed by a fabricated prototype. A planar single-conductor parallel feed network consisting of the SSPPs power dividers is then analyzed, which has a simulated insertion loss of around 8 dB. By combining the feed network with the patch elements, a $1\times 4$ SSPPs-fed microstrip patch antenna array is designed in the Ka -band. The measurement verifies the stable radiation with an enhanced gain of about 12 dBi across the operating band. Due to the planar configurations with low cost and promising performance, the presented SSPPs-fed patch antenna and array may find potential applications in future millimeter-wave wireless systems.

A stacked multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) microstrip patch antenna with broadband operating bandwidth and low cross-polarization radiation is provided. A complete study on the propagating element bandwidth and cross polarization level is presented to demonstrate the importance of the design. The proposed antenna includes three stacked printed circuit board (PCB) layers, including one layer for the radiating 2 × 2 rectangular patch elements and two SIW PCB layers for the feeding network. There are two common methods for excitation in cavity-backed patch antennas: probe feeding (PF) and aperture coupling (AC). PF can be used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. Although this method increases the antenna’s bandwidth, it produces a strong cross-polarized field. The AC method can be used to suppress cross-polarized fields in microstrip patch antennas. As microstrip patch antennas are inherently narrowband, the AC method has little effect on their bandwidth. This paper proposes an antenna that is simultaneously fed by AC and PF. As a result of this innovation, the operating bandwidth of the antenna has increased, and cross-polarization has been reduced. Actually, the combination of probe feeding and aperture coupling schemes leads to achieving a broadband operating bandwidth. The arrangement of radiator elements and cavities implements a mirrored excitation technique while maintaining a low cross-polarization level. In both numerical and experimental solutions, a less than −30 dB cross-polarization level has been achieved for all of the main directions. A fractional impedance bandwidth of 29.8% (10.55–14.25 GHz) for < −10-dB is measured for the proposed array. Simulated and measured results illustrate good agreement. Having features like low cost, light weight, compactness, broadband, integration capabilities, and low cross-polarization level makes the designed antenna suitable for remote-sensing and satellite applications.

This paper puts forward a novel miniaturized, low-profile, and wideband slotted microstrip patch array with the capability of covering Wi-Fi 6/6E (ranging from 5.15 to 5.83 GHz and from 5.925 to 7.125 GHz). Through etching periodic slots on the traditional patch antenna to modify the boundary conditions, both the TM10 fundamental mode and anti-phase TM20 mode of the patch can be simultaneously excited within the wide frequency band. Then, a 2×2 patch array is designed. The antenna’s bandwidth is further enhanced by the coupling mode between the patch array and the feed network. With a profile of 0.06λ0 (where λ0 is the open space wavelength at the center frequency), the antenna array has a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 34.1% (between 5.1 and 7.2 GHz). The research findings demonstrate substantial application potential in various Wi-Fi-enabled devices.

This paper is presentation of designed different diodes loaded active model dissimilar geometries of micro strip patch antennas. As known, mikrostrip patch antennas have complex impedance and its impedance changes with frequency. Because of this, imaginer part of micro strip patch antennas is minimized by effect of diodes having capacitive reactance thus maximum power radiating is occurred. The aim of this project is to present different diodes loaded patch antenna for ISM 2.4 Ghz and to indicate active antenna performance according to influence of locations and dc biasing of diodes then to compare the antenna parameters of passive models. Besides, this project is used three types of diodes which are schottky Barrier diodes, silicon variable capacitance diode and tuner diode and four diodes whose are bas70, bas83, bb619 and bb721. The simulation programmer is AWR Design Environment Microwave Office 2007 (MWO) whose analysis meted is moment (Mom). Finally, the antennas that are projected are ready condition for LAN application or wireless RF receiver-transmitter systems. Return loss of designed antennas are between -25.54 dB and -36.17 dB. Gain does not change a lot but results of VSWR and Input impedance is satisfactory when comparing the passive model's results.

With the rapid development of printed circuit technology, printed antennas have found numerous applications in high-performance systems where size, weight, and cost are of significant importance. The most notable feature of these printed antennas is that they are low profile. In particular, microstrip patch antennas and arrays of patches are perhaps the most common form of these printed structures. Extensive investigations into the radiation characteristics of patch antennas began in the 1970s, and both analytical and numerical solutions have been developed for printed antennas. Moreover, the physical insight obtained by these analyses led to the development of several advanced design configurations. While the conventional microstrip patch antenna has a narrow bandwidth, their advanced configurations can achieve broadband and multiband performance. In addition, both circular and linear polarization can be achieved with the patch antenna. In this chapter, we will briefly study some of the fundamentals of microstrip patch antennas, will show the procedure for designing patch antennas using the commercial software package FEKO, and will present several examples.

Here, a low‐profile microstrip patch antenna with vertical polarisation and over 3 dB enhanced gain in the horizontal plane is proposed for dedicated short‐range communications (DSRC) application. It is a centre‐fed circular patch antenna coupled by an annular ring and shorted concentrically with a set of shorting vias. For further increasing the gain in the horizontal plane, six groups of microstrip patches with one edge open and three edges shorted, which work as magnetic dipole antennas, are laid around the shorted circular patch‐ring antenna (SCPRA). These gain enhancement elements resonate at 5.9 GHz and guide the TM wave along the horizontal surface. In addition, an equivalent circuit model of SCPRA is presented as a tool for easier impedance matching. The number of gain enhancement elements in each group can be adjusted to achieve variable radiation patterns in the horizontal plane. Two antennas achieving omnidirectional and quasi‐elliptical radiation patterns are proposed, simulated, and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated results, and the quasi‐elliptical radiation patterns in the horizontal plane of the antenna demonstrate the desirable performance for DSRC applications.

&lt;p&gt;An antenna may be thought of as a temporary tool that directs radio waves for transmission or reception. Aside from being inexpensive, small, easy to manufacture, and compatible with integrated electronics, the microstrip patch antenna (MPA) offers several other benefits as well. These two methods are often seen as low-cost, adaptable, dependable, high-speed data connection choices that promote user mobility. An overview of how MPA have been used throughout the last several decades is provided in this article. It has been suggested that there are many approaches to enhance the performance of MPA, including the use of composite antennas, highly integrated antenna/array and feeding networks, operating at relatively high frequencies, and using cutting-edge manufacturing methods. Dual or multiband antennas are essential for meeting the demands of wireless services in this rapidly evolving wireless communication environment. Here is an overview of the patch antenna literature for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications.&lt;/p&gt;

A procedure for designing an electrically small microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is developed, wherein the length of a side of the MPA is reduced to significantly less than a half-wavelength. The MPA is loaded with a resonant circuit equivalent to that of a left-handed transmission line to artificially increase the effective wavelength of the device, thus creating a resonance equivalent to, but at a lower frequency than the unloaded {10} mode. The field distribution in the loaded MPA remains relatively unperturbed, unlike the {0} mode case that attempts to decrease the size by introducing a shorting-post; consequently, very low cross-polarisation behaviour is observed. The theory to predict the full spectrum of resonant frequencies of the antenna is developed, with finite-difference time-domain simulations used to finalise the antenna design. Finally, an electrically small ((lambda/6)times(lambda/4)) and thin (<lambda/65) antenna is fabricated at 465 MHz using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology and tested for key figures of merit, including the resonant frequency and radiation pattern. The shortened antenna not only shows performance comparable to a conventional unloaded MPA, but also exhibits good cross-polarisation. The loaded MPA achieved an area reduction of 83% as compared to an unloaded version

This paper comes with a new study on the conception of a CPW-Fed multi bands planar antenna. The design takes into account that this structure can be integrated with circuits behind, that why the Fed is a CPW one. The antenna validated is suitable for GSM, DCS and ISM band. The entire area of the antenna is 36×72.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and it is printed on an FR4 substrate. The printed U-shaped antenna is formed from two horizontal arms of different lengths and an L-shaped shorted strip which is connected between the vertical arm and the ground plane. The antenna is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using ADS "Advanced Design System" and the results are compared with CST Microwave Studio.

In this paper a summary of microstrip patch array technology is presented. A variety of fixed beam linear and planar microstrip patch arrays, including design cases, as well as phased arrays incorporating this form of printed antenna are examined. It is shown that microstrip patches are a very versatile style of antenna and can be readily integrated into a multitude of arrays. The complexity of these arrays depends on the degree of control of the radiation performance that is required. Microstrip patch antennas are a cost effective solution to many wireless communication applications and will continue to be utilized in these systems for many years to come.

In modern communication devices, microstrip patch antennas are preferred to conventional antennas due to their size. In this review, a survey of commonly used techniques and designs for microstrip antennas is conducted. These techniques and designs were used by the authors to design an effective, low-profile, small, compatible, and affordable microstrip antenna. They were mostly used to design reconfigurable, multiband, and wideband antennas. After that, a initiator patch design with dimensions is provided on which technique will be used to analyze various antenna parameters. In recent years, research into microstrip patch antennas has made significant progress. Microstrip patch horns outperform conventional microstrip patches in a number of ways, including their low cost, ease of integration with integrated microwave circuits (MICs), low volume, small size, high performance, and low weight.