IBM FSD VLSI Chip Design Methodology

This paper deals with a component design system which has been developed in Rolls-Royce to automate design processes in order to determine design attributes in a rapid way. It is designed to help engineers in the company in their daily design activities as well as to support their engineering judgment and decision making. The design system is built as a flexible framework and can easily be extended to keep it on track with technology improvements. Apart from the architectural framework of the component design system, the paper will focus on two major aspects. Firstly, it will describe the issues that engineers are currently being faced during their daily design work and how the new component design system can be applied to help in searching improved designs by using modern automation and optimization techniques. Secondly, it will describe how materials and process modeling should be considered in the design process as part of the automated design system to improve the assessment of a component life. As an example, a disc design problem will be described and a comparison between the standard manual and new automated process will be discussed with a focus on process run-time and final design.

In a VLSI design environment where a range of chip technologies are available and concurrent chip designs are commonplace, it is not feasible to build a wiring program for each technology. Additionally, a chip's design methodology may demand specific abilities from a wiring program. KWIRE was developed to meet the needs of a multiple-technology, multiple-methodology VLSI design community. It has been used on a range of chips, from small designs to custom microprocessors. Modeling the users' designs and design rules in geometric terms allows KWIRE to handle such a diversity of chip designs. This paper describes the KWIRE system and router.

Due to the internal and external pressure, more and more manufacturing enterprises are working to improve the environmental performance of their products. Pollution may be generated at all stages through the whole life cycle of a product. Taking potential environmental impacts of a product into account as early as at its design stage, design for environment (DFE) can be used to maximally improve the environmental performance of a product. Modular design is a widely used design method for electromechanical products. While traditional modularity analysis pays little attention to the environmental factors, this research aims at including the environmental criteria into the modularity analysis, and developing a DFE design supporting system for the modular design. This paper proposed a quantitative environmental analysis methodology for the modular design. Considering all stages through the life cycle of a product, some primary environmental objectives are analyzed and selected as the criteria for the modularity analysis; all environmental criteria are ranked using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). In order to get a comprehensive effect of all environmental criteria, fuzzy numbers are used to combine some uncertain judgments of decision makers with crisp numbers. In this paper, the modularity analysis is done under the restriction of the junction-structure mapping, and it includes the similarity and independence analysis.

Coupling Of Synthesis And Layout: Challenges And Solutions

The Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are now evolving as an important communication technology and a major information resource provider for industry. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a knowledge-based gear design and manufacturing system over the Internet to create new integrated design and manufacturing environments. By providing access to an interactive web-based support system, any designer with a WWW browser becomes a potential user of this on-line design system. Once connected, the designer follows the system instructions and submits the necessary input data on the appropriate web pages. The server receives a request from a client and invokes a CGI (Common Gateway Interface) program that processes the information provided through the user Interface. The CGI parses the data and has the ability to remotely run the knowledge-based gear design system that integrates knowledge about all aspects of gear design and manufacturing and provides powerful reasoning and decision-making capabilities for reducing the time between gear tooth creation, detailed design and manufacturing process specification via the Internet. When the execution is completed, full specifications definition, geometry, kinematic-loads and stresses are determined through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) within ANSYS, VRML models of the gear pair and gearbox assembly including gears, shafts, bearings and housing are exported according to the designer requests and sent back to designer on the web browser. To accomplish this, a combination of HTML, JavaScript, VRML, CGI Script and C++ is used. Finally, an example on spur gear design utilizing a parallel gearbox design model configuration is discussed.

Introduction. In modern conditions, the design of reinforced concrete structures requires prompt processing of a large amount of regulatory data presented in text format. The task of automatization of the extraction and analysis of information from regulatory documents is becoming urgent, as it makes it possible to increase the accuracy and efficiency of design work. Aim. Development of the information model integrating algorithms for processing regulatory documents (using the example of SP 63.13330.2018) with design systems. Materials and methods. The Mistral language model, deployed locally through Ollama, is used to process text data. Key entities (material parameters, loads, requirements) were extracted automatically, and their relationships were visualized in a graph database. The integration of the calculation and design systems is carried out using the IFC and XML formats. The formulae are implemented (for example, the calculation of the length of the reinforcement anchoring) in Python, and the automation of reinforcement selection is carried out in the Revit environment. Results. The application of the proposed algorithm has made it possible to automate the extraction of material parameters, design characteristics and design requirements, which significantly reduces the complexity of routine operations. The integration of the calculation model with the design environment (Revit) has provided automatic selection of reinforcement and welded meshes, contributing to increased design accuracy and reducing the likelihood of errors. Discussion. The developed system demonstrates high efficiency in automating the processing of machine-readable regulatory documents, which leads to a reduction in design time and an improvement in the quality of construction work. Further research will be aimed at expanding the algorithm to work with other types of documents and adapting the model to specific engineering analysis tasks. Conclusions. Machine-readable documentation formats and LLM models increase the accuracy and speed of processing of the regulatory data. Integration of the calculation and design systems via IFC/XML reduces labor costs and errors. Automation of reinforcement selection demonstrates the potential for scaling to other design stages.

In this chapter, using basic concepts and definitions from management science, decision theory and design methodology, I shall outline the methodological aspects, characteristics and features of the Preference-based Accommodation Strategy (PAS) design and decision system, which I developed for the formation of a corporate accommodation strategy. This outline serves first and foremost as a simple way of representing and modeling the PAS design decision system. It also enables the methodological characteristics of PAS design and decision making to be set out in a way that allows analysis and evaluation of the suitability of the applications of this system in real life corporate accommodation strategy processes. Finally, it should be possible to incorporate past experience into the framework, and to generalize and summarize it in order to benefit the further development of the PAS design decision system. The PAS design decision system will be referred to as PAS. In chapter 2 the existing alignment models were assessed on eight different assessment criteria and it has become clear that decision making receives very little attention in the models. The two main problems were that (1) it remained unclear how alternative CRE strategies are made on portfolio and building level and (2) most problems occur when selecting an alternative; none of the models has an overall performance measure that incorporates both quantitative and qualitative criteria, and uses correct measurement. Although in paragraph 2.2 all assessment criteria have been introduced, some of the concepts will be explained in this chapter. In chapter 2.3 the models have been assessed on their use of correct measurement for instance. In paragraph 3.2 it will be explained what correct measurement is and why it is important. The chapter is structured as follows: –– Fifteen basic concepts underlying the PAS design system are explained in paragraph 3.1; –– Preference measurement as core concept is explained in more detail in paragraph 3.2; –– Preference-Based Design as other core concept is explained in more detail in paragraph 3.3; –– A comparison of the foundations in different scientific field in given in paragraph 3.4; –– The chapter ends with a conclusion and comparison in paragraph 3.5.

PurposeThe generic design environment for a flexible printed‐circuit board assemblies (PCBA) remanufacturing cell contains four interrelated complex design domains. Mechanical design domains are really complex and the use of well‐proven mechanical product design methodologies does not help the designer. Hence, this paper aims to develop a generic systematic design methodology for a flexible PCBA remanufacturing cell.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates the use of conventional mechanical product design techniques for the design of a flexible PCBA rework (remanufacturing) cell. It indicates problems and the weaknesses when conventional product design techniques are used for the development of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). It then provides a new systematic mechanical design methodology for designing a flexible PCBA rework (remanufacturing) cell. The design methodology is intended to be generic in order to apply successfully to any FMS design.FindingsConventional product design methodology cannot be used directly for the design of a flexible PCBA remanufacturing cell. Hence, two design methodologies were developed: the generic FMS mechanical design methodology and a specific FMS design methodology for a PCBA rework cell. The first one was developed based on the tasks of the conventional product design process integrated with new design tools. The generic design methodology was then extended to obtain the second methodology for a PCBA rework cell design. Both of the methodologies were applied to a flexible PCBA rework cell design problem. Both design methodologies eliminated unusable design solutions at the early design stages of the conceptual design process and made the design process easier.Practical implicationsThe generic and specific design methodologies provide a better design environment, even for less specialized FMS designers.Originality/valueThe design methodologies may help for the commercialization of a flexible PCBA remanufacturing cell that may be used for SM rework and assembly.

A design flow paradigm that integrates technology independent boundary scan synthesis into a chip design methodology is presented. The approach accommodates multiple vendor boundary scan technologies and the requirements of (sometimes non-1149.1-compliant) user specified boundary scan architectures. Boundary scan synthesis is described and design-specific requirements, 1149.1 compliance verification, boundary scan manufacturing test, and interfacing with the board and system test environments are discussed. >

DDI (data direct implementation) approach for pattern discrimination chips is proposed, and its specified design methodology is presented. In the design, pattern data are transformed to a truth table and the table is generalized to adapt the unknown pattern data. The generalization operator is chosen by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The generalized, or evolved truth table is then synthesized to logic circuits. This evolvable chip design methodology is realized by the high integration density of the current reconfigurable VLSIs. We have developed a prototype of the evolvable sonar discrimination chip. The prototype demonstrates higher discrimination accuracy and higher processing speed than conventional approaches. Furthermore, it shows high fault tolerance against stuck-gate faults, which is not achieved with the ordinary processor based hardware.

The article is devoted to the main issues of environmental design development as an academic and scientific discipline. The author analyzes the place of the "environmental design" specialty in the educational systems of various countries, in particular, Russia and China. It is pointed out, that only in these countries the subject under study belongs to the field of education in the sphere of art and culture. That forms some features of students’ training, as well as in the methodology, goals and content of environmental design as a scientific field. This work studies the problems that arise in the process of training specialists and of their subsequent employment in Russia and in China. In particular, the author notes that there is an equation of the concepts of "environmental design" and "environmental approach" in Russia, which leads to misunderstanding of the theoretical boundaries of environmental design. In the article these two concepts are distinguished. Examining environmental design through the prism of the Ervin Laszlo’s "grand synthesis" theory, the author concludes that environmental design is a complex discipline, which synthesizes different scientific fields, and can have further dynamics in the development. Environmental design is presented as a field of activity that combines economic and cultural aspects within the framework of creative work. Due to the specificity of environmental design, as well as to the desire of Russia and China to increase cultural capital, this discipline has prospects for expanding the field of research in future. Also, the article highlights three possible directions for further development of environment design, including architectural, landscape and exhibition approaches.

AI has influenced the field of integrated circuits, this being its first application in AI. This technology replaces the traditional VLSI design methodology existing today. Automation of design devel- opments have been implemented by replacing the time consuming manual design’s generated by humans. This advancement would lead to massive revolution in the area of hardware computation and AI research domain. With the advent of modern chip, which are highly complex, it is a very tedious and slow process to design with humanly aids. The process of confirming the critical design’s manually also finds no hope. Hence automation of various task is done in past 40 years, and many other complex task are automated. When someone comes with a new idea (in view with computation, processing, optimization, interconnect fabrication) the process of designing is automated. Companies such as IBM and Intel are enabled with their own CAD Organization for handling these automated tasks. CAD tools have been sold by many companies such as Candence, Synopsis and Mentor Graphics serves as implementation of AI in Chip design. Machine learning has extended its arm in aiding feasible solution for many kinds of problems in many engineering fields. The role of machine learning in EDA tools business, have expanded its potential in reducing the time consumption in design implementation, cost reduction, productivity of design products. In this paper we have reviewed the role machine learning in VLSI chip design and implemented ML based BIST.

The market for lighting equipment that improves the quality of medical work is large. But it covers the needs of specialists for the most part only in peacetime. There are no specialized lamps for situations related to disaster medicine. There are also no systems that take into account the specifics of the work of doctors on the front line, although in the zone of localization of military conflicts the number of people in need of medical care is significantly increasing. It is necessary to develop special lighting equipment. The main goal of the work is the design concept with mainly researched user experience when creating a visual image of the system. The purpose of article is to show an approach to designing concepts of future lighting systems in design, which can become the basis for engineering development. The preceding stage of technical development of a new product that has no analogues is conceptual design. Its result is the concept of the future object. Creating a design begins with observing the target audience. This allows you to create basic user scenarios. In the case of the lighting system for mobile hospitals, we studied the specifics of the activities of doctors. It turned out that extreme conditions near the contact line affect the work of doctors and nurses. This requires a fundamentally new approach to the layout of the system elements. It becomes clear that it is necessary to implement the principle of modularity. The design methodology in industrial design allows you to understand exactly how to do this. An analysis of the scenarios of the work of military doctors has shown a number of problems they face in mobile hospitals in war zones. The main criteria of the future lighting system were derived. First, they were embodied in search sketches, and after checking them for ergonomics – in the final visualizations. The methods of design of lighting equipment made it possible to solve a number of tasks: – Ensuring the possibility of assembling the necessary set of fixtures due to a narrow typology of modules; – Achieving the greatest compactness of components so that 1–2 people can transfer their minimum set for the organization of one workspace; – Minimizing the risk of accidental errors in working with equipm

With the start of the pilot work of the 1 + X certificate system in China, the education department began to encourage college students to strive for the corresponding vocational skill level certificate on the basis of obtaining the academic certificate, so as to improve the employment situation and alleviate the current social employment difficulties. In this paper, the environmental design professional courses in Colleges and universities as an example, in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of the current single teaching environmental design professional course system, through the statistical analysis of the questionnaire of college students and enterprises, the feasibility of realizing the integration of environmental design professional teaching course certificate under the experimental conditions of “1 + X” certificate system in Colleges and universities is studied, and the corresponding curriculum system is constructed. The statistical results show that when the curriculum system of environmental design is adopted, the satisfaction of students and enterprises has increased. The results show that the integration of academic education and vocational skills training can be achieved by setting up the course of “course certificate integration”, which is helpful to cultivate a large number of students who meet the needs of enterprises and improve the employment rate of college students

Product development is a process with complicated procedures, which incorporate many aspects of knowledge, experience and teamwork. Specifically, mechanical system design requires an iterative process to determine the desired component design parameters that would satisfy kinematic, performance and manufacturability requirements, which would result in an efficient and reliable operation of speed reduction units. This article describes an approach towards the development of intelligent design support environments for mechanical transmission systems, along with implementation details of a distributed knowledge-based gearing design and manufacturing system that is deployed over the Internet. The system embodies the various tasks of the design process, with modules that address: performance evaluation, process optimization, manufacturability analysis, and provides reasoning and decision-making capabilities for reducing the time between gear tooth creation, detailed design and final production. This methodology is highly desirable in that it is able to simulate real working conditions, evaluate and optimize the design effectively, prevent designers from time-consuming iterations and reduce long and expensive test phases. In an application example relating to process design of a forged gearing system, once a successful power rating is achieved within the design environment through FEA based techniques, the system automatically feeds input parameters into the manufacturing module which carries out all process design and planning stages. Estimation of the number of preforming stages, generation of detail die drawings, and forging load and energy requirements are calculated based on available material design databases, knowledge-based rules and feature-level calculations. Utilization of the World Wide Web, as a medium for the implementation of gear design and its agile manufacturing over the Internet is also being demonstrated. A combination of HTML, JavaScript, VRML, CGI Script and C++ based procedures is used to bring this capability to users distributed anywhere in the world. With the above developments, the problems of experience and expertise for the designers are overcome and unexpected design iterations that cause wastage of engineering time and effort, are avoided. The environment can be easily enhanced with other types of gearing systems.